A Study On Hostage In National Relationshipin Ancient Times Of China

Hostage, princes of some important figures such as kings of outlying vassal states, tribal leaders of national minorities held as hostages, also called Shizi, was once commonly existed in the history of China, and even in the whole world, which is a comprehensive product of politics, economy, military affairs and culture in a certain historical stage instead of an occasional phenomena. In order to have an overall recognition of Hostage, the paper is to study and explore its connotation, categories, origins, and historical development, the formation, improvement and development of its rules and regulations, as well as its influence on the history of Chinese national relations systematically.The paper mainly studies Hostage of Chinese national relations, particularly as following:First, all Hostage of outlying minorities sent to central plain. They touch on both the relationship between countries and the complex web of nationalities, so they' re the key points of the paper.Second, Hostage held between minorities. Besides Hostage sent from outlying areas to central plain, Hostage also appeared after the fighting between minorities, of which the powerful usually opposed pay and presents on the weak, the inner forced the loser to send his prince as hostage. The above conditions only existed in the period of weak and less influenced dynasties of central plain. So they' re also the important part of Chinese complex national relations.Some internal Hostage in neighboring regions, already taken in the prefecture-county system of the dynasties in central plain, are from areas governed by regimes of minorities. These regimes are seemingly under the jurisdiction of central government, but they had high freedom and exercise their power, so they are likely to split from central government at any time. In order to control these regimes and keep a constant close relationship with them, central authorities usually required local officials to send their sons as hostages. In addition, some internal Hostage of special period such as Wei and Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yuan Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, are closely related to national relations.The paper has three titles of the article: Regulation, Historical Facts, and Influence. It mainly inspects Hostage comprehensively from different aspects and perspectives respectively.In Regulation, it has three chapters and depicts the initial formation, development, improvement, evolvement of the regulations for Hostage, and its stepping down from the stage of history; In Historical Facts, it has seven chapters and introduces the origins of Hostage, Hostage in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Liao, Song, Xia and Jin Dynasties, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Qing Dynasties; In Influence, it has four chapters and discusses the close connotations between Hostage and national politics, Hostage and national culture, Hostage and boundary security, Hostage and national fusion, and special effects they have brought as well.