Mingwu In Shijing And The Achievement Of Shijing

The study on Mingwu which was paid much attention to by the pursuers is an important part of the study of Shijing, and plenty of fruit was achieved. Reviewing the study of Mingwu in Shijing, we can have two periods, one is before the May Fourth Movement, in which the study focused on discrimination to make the name tally with the object. The discrimination in this period cleaned up the shadows covering on the majority of Mingwu in Shijing and established the solid base for the further study. The other period is from the May Fourth Movement to the present, in which the work of discrimination has still been carrying on, but the most distinctive study is to combine the sociology, anthropology, archeology to explore the cultural connotation of Mingwu which created a new field.The great achievement has been got on the study of Mingwu, but there are also many problems worthy of thinking, especially the study on the relation between Mingwu and the achievement that Shijing has got is very weak. In the view of this fact, on the base of the former fruit, combining the anthropology, archeology and biology, the thesis widely probe into the relation mentioned above and further point out that the achievement of Shijing has many aspectsChapter One: The Background of Shijing. Any literary work is the production of the age and preserves its print, so the study of literature must be carried on under the background of the age. The ancients emphasized "Understanding the person, Talking about the age", so does the study of Mingwu. In this chapter we briefly talk about the background of Shijing macroscopically. They include four aspects: the culture of etiquette, music and heritage, development of science and technology, two main lives in Zhou Dynasty: fete and war, the dominant thought. The thesis points out Mingwu in Shijing which were the production of the age embodies the development of the age and concretes the idea and culture of that time. Mingwu is a mirror which reflects the lives of the age and also a key to understanding Shijing completelyChapter Two: the characters of Mingwu in Shijing and its reasons. Before we probe into the relations between Mingwu and the achievement of Shijing, we must know the characters of Mingwu. The characters we are talking about here are not the nature of Mingwu, but the general ones that emerge objectively in the poems when the poets used Mingwu to express their feelings. They included the following aspects: the character of abundance , the character of grade, the character of selectivity and the character of using plenty of natural objects, furthermore ,the thesis probes into the reasons that these characters came into being under the background of the age and also correct some false understanding. The thesis points out that the main reasons of forming the characters of Mingwu in Shijing are the following points: the ancient thinking of image, the culture of etiquette and music, the nobles' high understanding of art and the culture of farming. The characters mentioned above show that the important pattern—selecting objects to express the feelings—of Chinese lyric has come into being in Shijing and the nobles in Zhou Dynasty began to pursue the beauty of art. The consciousness of creating poems appeared in Zhou Dynasty.Chapter Three: Descriptions of Mingwu and the spirit of people in Zhou Dynasty. Mingwu in Shijing are the production of the age and they carry the poets' feelings, just like an opened book of psychology. They embody the spirit of the age. Sow we can taste the different styles of spirit from Mingwu in Shijing. In this chapter, from the angle of Mingwu, we talk about the spirit hiding in Shijing. The main content includes the following. The first is the pursuit of noble personality. Through the analysis of description of clothes and the discussion of using clothes to design the image of noble man in the poem "Durenshi", the article show us the wish and pursuit of noble personality of people in Zhou Dynasty. The second is the spirit of worship of force which the article talk about through the following points: the parallelism of vehicles and horses in the war poems, the narration of advanced vehicle-made technique and polish equipment of warfare, the motive description of chasing the wolves and other fierce animals in the hunting poems. The third is the spirit of taking the agriculture as foundation. The pride and praise of the people in Zhou Dynasty hiding in the description of plant, the familiarity to the agriculture environment and harmonious relation with nature appearing in the natural objects selected by the poets, the strong love for hometown hiding in the sentence of " willow swaying gently ", all indicated that the spirit of taking agriculture as foundation was the basic one flowing in the hearts of people in Zhou Dynasty. The article further probe into the reasons that these kinds of spirit generated, and believe that the culture of etiquette and music, continuous life of war and culture of farming are the main factors.Chapter Four: Mingwu in Shijing and the Scenes of Lives in Zhou Dynasty. Mingwu in Shijing which came from the real lives were originally parts of the lives of people in Zhou Dynasty, so they contained the memory of the age and were just like a mirror. Through this mirror ,we can find details of lives of that times ,such as marriage, family, war, fete, feast and so on. We can also taste the different attitude of people in Zhou Dynasty and feel the fresh scenes of the lives in that age. The article takes the marriage, family and feast as examples in order to show the colorful lives and abundant feelings in them from the angle of Mingwu. The multi-scenes of marriage, the exciting scenes of wedding, the different daily lives, the misery fate of women abandoned by their husbands, all appear clearly in the analysis of Mingwu. The different food of different stratum and the grand feast of the nobles are fully presented by analysis of Mingwu. Mingwu lively revives the scenes of lives in Zhou Dynasty.Chapter Five: Mingwu and aesthetic characters of Shijing. Description of various Mingwu is an important linguistic character of Shijing. Then, the exterior traits of Mingwu and their plentiful cultural connotation formed different aesthetic characters of Shijing which are discussed in this chapter. Firstly, Mingwu in Shijing which came from real life are actual and ordinary, so the language formed by Mingwu, the lives showed by Mingwu, the images figured by Mingwu, the feelings expressed by Mingwu, all appear a kind of plain and pure beauty which will be more obvious if we compare Shijing with Chuci. Secondly, Mingwu in Shijing, especially the description of grasses, woods, birds and animals, form many scenes full of vital force, furthermore, these scenes set off the feeling of lives by contrast, thus make Shijing overflow the vital beauty of motion. Thirdly, Mingwu were the mediums of poets' expressing their feelings, so they were full of rich feelings of poets. The descriptions of Mingwu were in harmony with the poets' feelings and formed many charming realms of art, thus made the poems fill with the meaningful connotation. At the same time, many Mingwu themselves which kept ancient custom and idea were the objects of symbol, so they concealed the meaning of the poems, thus strengthened the beauty of connotation of poems. Mingwu are just like prism which reflect the various style of aesthetics of Shijing.Chapter Six: Mingwu and achievement of art of Shijing. As the first leaf of Chinese literature, Shijing got great achievement which is accepted by the world. In the age which had the character of thinking of image, the achievement that Shijing got profited from choice and use of Mingwu to a high extent. In this chapter, we focus on Mingwu to probe into the problems how Mingwu affect the achievement of art that Shijing got. Furthermore, we continue to talk about the significance that Shijing had on creation of Chinese classical art of poem and its influence on the later literature. There are four parts in this chapter. First, the artical discuss that how Mingwu affected the images and artistic realms and concludes that many kinds of Mingwu made the images in Shijing lively and vigorous, Mingwu with ancient custom and ideas made the images full of implication, at same time, two kinds of result were brought on: one was multi-meaning of images, the other was obscurity of images. Two ways of creation of artistic realms are also talked about: one is that the feeling comes along with the objects, the other is to select objects to express the feelings. The artical summarizes four type of artistic realms in Shijing: the type of powerfulness and spaciousness , the type of gentleness, the type of forcefulness, the type of liveliness. The article further talks about the characters of artistic realms in its bud stage and its influence on the later poetry. Second, the article talks about the effect of Mingwu on "Fu,Bi,Xing", and believes that "Fu,Bi,Xing" were three ways of art that the poets selected Mingwu to express their feelings, the selection and description of Mingwu made Fu get rid of tendency of superficiality and have the meaningful character, it also strengthened the function of Bi and extended the signification of Xing. Furthermore, it brought on the result that the meaning of Xing and Bi were overlapping and the line between Bi and Xi became indistinct. Third, the article talks about the effect of Mingwu on the image-building in Shijing, and thinks that Mingwu had great functions on showing the images, on setting off the images by contrast and hinting the mind of images. Mingwu made the images lively and implied, plain and full of the flavor of life, and preliminarily formed quite vivid character of images, but at the same time they also made many images appearing the tendency of the same type. The article also talks about two types of beautiful women created by Shijing from the angle of Mingwu. One is the type of honor and gorgeousness, the other is the type of obscurity and fairy, and their significance on creating the pattern of the image-building in the later poetry. Fourth, the effect of Mingwu on the language of Shijing. The article believes Mingwu not only enriched the words of Shijing but also made them colorful and vigorous and strengthened them the function of conveying the meaning.Epilogue.The article concluds the prominent effect of Mingwu on the achievement that Shijing had got.In addition, during I wrote the thesis, I found that because of unknowing the traits of Mingwu, some scholars made mistakes in understanding the poems. I chose tree examples and attached them to the thesis.