Reconstructing The Power Network Of The Imperialistic China

During the historical revolution at the end of Ming Dynasty,by summarizing and upgrading the new variance trend in the polity,ideology and society realm of the later period,Huang Zong-xi carried on a "creative conversion" to the practical polity based on the ancient "Three Dynasty" tradition,and finally realized the goal of "Reconstruct the Power Network of Imperialistic China" in the book of .After the perdition of the Ming Dynasty,the researches to Huang Zong-xi lag badly because that Manchu government,a different race dominator who completely inherited the Ming's system,took a long-term disregard to Huang Zong-xi's political reformation plan that was established based on the Ming Dynasty's lecture.Since the late Qing Dynasty,affected by the "West-center view",people were inclined to research Huang Zong-xi through the compare to the modern West,which resulted in the sequel of "teleology".Therefore,along with the rise of westem academia's "China-center view",the researches to Huang Zong-xi should renewedly regard "China" but not "West" as the main reference system.Restoring the "the order of the Three Dynasty" was Huang's political goal,in his eyes,the character of "Three Dynasty" was "Public-State",and the character of the "After Three Dynasty" was "Private-State".In order to realize "the order of the Three Dynasty " again,Huang carried on a "creative conversion" to the "Confucianism political philosophy" and "imperialistic tradition",and consequently he found the resources of "schedule","precedent","subject","object","system" and "public opinion" etc.Who was the visitor waited by Huang in his book comes down to the question that who was the "political subject" in his polity plan.Researchers inclined to regard that the visitor was a "Saint King" or "Manchu dominator",but in the context of the "Yangming school",the one he was waiting for would be "us" in the common sense. And the Jianwen emperor and his ministers' reformation can prove with no doubt that it was not just a fantasy for Huang to wait the posterity to carry out his plan.The imperial power of Ming Dynasty rooted in banishing the Mongolia rulers violently,because Ming Tai-zu Zhu Yuan-zhang vanquished drastically the political power who challenged his governance, the imperial power possessed the characteristic of "Sovereign invincibility" and "arbitrary".Along with the changes of times and development of society,this "arbitrary power" undergone challenges and suspicions from each aspect,and resulted in a series of bad political consequences.In order to restrict the imperial power,Huang on one hand emphasized the importance of "passing the throne to the wise person",the other hand completed the imperial power conversion from "private" to "public" through systemizing and legitimating the emperor system,the political institute as well as the process of imperial power.In order to confirm the imperial power,Ming Tai-zu abolished the prime minister at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,which made the total Ming's civilian system became a "huge organization without leader".This system disfigurement resulted in a series of problems such as the system bug,separation of the inner and the outer,the lack of balance and the system of eliminating the excellent etc.In reality,the emperor,cabinet, eunuchs and ministers of the six departments carried on a series of political struggles,which ultimately caused the perdition of the Ming Dynasty.For remedying the system disfigurement,Huang set the "unattached prime minister" who could make decision instead of the emperor,so as to exercise the administration power effectively.Based On that,he established the "scholar government" which was completely constituted by "scholars", while excluding the eunuchs and petty officials.Since the middle and the late period of the Ming Dynasty,the Confucian scholars had developed the "xin-xue movement","jiang-xue movement","yi-zhen movement" and "di-kang movement",etc.in schools,which provided Huang the precedents of "school polity discussing".In Huang's plan,the "school" was independent from the government and possessed the functions of education,polity discussing, surveillance as well as consensus.And through this system,in the central power level it formed the power balance between the emperor,prime minister and the leader of national school,and in the district level it formed the check and blance between the local government and local school.Huang lived in the times when China was in his self-transformation, his political reformation plan was established on the basic of using and syncretizing many new tradition and resources which first appeared in that times.In the aspect of political legitimacy,he absorbed the "public-state" ideality that appeared since the late Ming Dynasty,and based on this,he established a legitimacy system different from before;In the aspect of constructing the power network,he adequately affirmed and absorbed the diversification factors since the late Ming Dynasty and established a power network with the characteristic of the check and balance;In the separation of the highest powers,he formed an elementary balance between the emperor,prime minister and the leader of national school.Even though we don't evaluate the "power network" established by Huang with the modern political principles such as so called "democracy", "freedom","constitutional government" and "republic" etc.,we can still confirm that Huang's "power network" which was based on the diversification and powers separation would be the political reformation plan of most worthy of expectation in the imperialistic China.If his plan had been put in practice in the imperialistic China,even if it was not the so called "modern",it must be much more "better"!...