The Pursuit Of Diverse Modernity And The Sympathetic Description Of The Rural China

As a genre of the new literature, the countryside narrative literature is the expression of Chinese modern intellectuals' anxiety for modernizations to some extent. It not only concerns, but also affects the process of China's modernizations in rural areas unconsciously, as a way of discourse practice for Chinese intellectuals. Although the understanding to the modern west countries has extended from the superficial layers of science and technology to the deeper layers of administration system and social value, the hope of an independent, powerful, and modern national state makes the intellectuals rarely treat Chinese tradition in peace and construct the modernity of Chinese society calmly from the late Qing Dynasty to 1980. They cared more about modernization. Their understanding to the modernization was mostly in time and space dimensions, that is, from tradition to modern, from China to the West. The understanding quested and paved the way to the Chinese modernization. The two strong discourses of the intellectuals' modernization practice, enlightenment and revolution, have affected profoundly the rural narrative literature, and occupied an important status in the process of countryside modernization. Because the understanding of modernization is established on the linear monistic historical development concept, it is difficult for the intellectuals to make suitable estimation on the importance of rural china, and hardly rethink the west modernity rationally. This results in a situation that countryside culture is shaded by "modernizations" in rural narrative literature, and it becomes a suppressed domain of expression.At a new era when modernization is carried out significantly in China and brings about negative consequences, in the Chinese society of the 90^th last century germinates a trend to retrospect the path of modernization and seek diversity of modernity. The ideological discourses, extended from enlightenment and revolutionary discourses in the diversified context of culture and ideology, no longer maintain their dominant status in the rural literature. The majorities of authors in the new era are offsprings of peasants, or have lived in countryside due to social movements. Their rich experience in country life and its hardship endorsed them with a kind of critique view of culture which is different from the towering view of enlightening discourse. They could disclose the bright coating on countryside development applied with ideologies, and face various problems in Chinese countryside sympathetically. The flexibility of artistic expression, the multiplicity of thought resources, and the richness of countryside experience have brought polymorphism of characteristics in rural literature, making the novels on countryside themes appear in various aesthetic shapes after the 1980's.This paper inspects the countryside narrative from the new period and its change from the disenchant process of the modernization discourses, such as the enlightenment discourse and the ideological discourse, discussing Chinese intellectual's introspection and consideration of the modernization of the countryside as well as the Chinese new literature. Based on the discussion, we can conclude that the modernization discourse, represented by the enlightenment discourse and the revolutionary discourse/ideological discourse, has fettered the production and explanation of Chinese literary in the 20th century. On the literary production, it makes the writers not be able to get rid of the pattern of the national state fable and the influence of the Western modern value, and it also makes the countryside narrative hardly walk out of "Five-Four New Culture Movement" writer's influence. On the literature explanation, the value of these discourses is standardized according to the value of the modern West. It has formed the modernization ideology firmly. This ideology makes us adopt the simple manner which is sympathy but refusal to the tradition and the local, thus we can not possibly calmly face the culture and thought factor different from the modernization ideology.The enlightenment and the ideological discourses influence literary production through some certain channels.The intellectual's control to the narrative manifests obviously in their contemplation mode of the rural life. Different intellectuals with different observation angles have different manners to the rural life. The differentiation of the enlightenment discourse in the 1990s is the result of . the change of the intellectual's society status. The revolutionary /ideological discourse affects the literature through the support of giving definition to the Realism connotation constantly. In fact, the Realism has been regarded as the ideological carrier in the literature context in the new era to some extent. After 1980, the Realism has transformed to a foundational realistic approach. It is precisely the process that the ideology has been relaxing unceasingly.Based on such understanding, this paper, combing the history of the occurrence and development of the enlightenment discourse and the Realism in the 20^th century, analyzes the process of disenchantment of the modernization discourse from two aspects as follows: On one hand, this paper takes the intellectual's status as the narrator to discuss the camouflage writing from the Enlightenment angle, and analyzes the change of the aesthetic shape in the 1990s, which is caused by the transformation from the view of "the enlightenment" to "the folk" in the rural narrative. On the other hand, this paper analyzes the Realism change under the impact of the artistic innovation and the multiple thought, and how the ideological discourse loses the ability of controlling text and constructing the local realistic essence, from the East FlowingYellow River, Common people, Ancient Ship, Bailu Plain, Shouhuo, Qinqiang. The disenchantment of the modernization discourse after 1980, is caused not only by the writers' profound understanding of the changing history, but also by the writers' awareness of their discourses. The Chinese intellectual's deep experiences of the rural life and contemplation about the modernized process, enable them to get rid of the posture of the enlightenment and ideological discourses, return to the rural Chinese realistic context to think about the Chinese question, restate the local reality and history, evaluating the modern value of local civilization and traditional culture in the modernized and globalized situation...