Derivatives And Borrowing - The New Era Of Old Words New Meanings Phenomenon

Language always changes along with social change.Since reform and opening up,China's social aspects have undergone tremendous changes.Reflecting these enormous changes,the Mandarin in the past 30 years is suddenly emerged tens of thousands of new words.In these new words,there are many old words which have been given a new meaning and usage.Old words are added new meaning with many ways which can be summed up just two categories—derivative and borrowing. Derivative means a new meaning is derived from the original meaning of word,and borrowing means the new meaning is borrowed directly from the corresponding word of foreign language,TW-HK communities and Chinese dialects,it does not develop on the basis of the original meaning in Mandarin.Many special terms have developed new meaning thought generalization,this is particularly noticeable in the new period. These new meanings account for the overwhelming majority.Meaning borrowing is accompanied with China's internal and external frequent contacts and exchanges in new period.Meanings borrowed from foreign,TW-HK communities are particularly noticeable.They entered the Mandarin,not creating another new word form,but increasing new meanings and usage in the Mandarin corresponding words.So it was relatively subtle,such phenomena are not of concern in the past.This paper is mainly dedicated to the new derivative meaning of special terms by generalization and meaning borrowing.It studies the state of them in the new period,and it tries to give reasonable analysis and interpretation to these meaning development and change with metaphor theory of cognitive linguistics,the theory of social linguistic in order to get a more in-dept understanding to development of Mandarin word meaning in the new period.The full text is divided into six chapters.ChapterⅠ.The introduction consists in this study topics,research methods and sources of material.ChapterⅡ.Foreign and Chinese semantic study is briefly reviewed and summed up,and we can see that the theory and methods of study have more progress.From the traditional fragmented,isolated semantic study to the systemic,in-depth description of meanings,and then to the current emphasis on cognitive interpretation of the word meaning,it is gradually in-depth study.From Chinese and foreign research,we have been inspired that the word meaning should be fully described,at the same time,we should focus on exploring the cognitive patterns behind these meanings.We must give a reasonable explanation to the phenomenon of word meaning.This is the direction of this effort.ChapterⅢ.We study large generalization of special terms and new meanings caused by generalization in the new period.This paper investigates 323 special terms with new meaning derived from the generalization included in new word dictionaries in recent years.It has statistical analysis about the distribution of word class,syllable, meaning class,and points out characteristics of generalization are appeared in the new period.Meaning generalization is a dynamic process,the degree of generalization is different.The generalization can be divided into fully generalization,in the process of generalization,and temporary generalization.The internal mechanism of generalized terms is the metaphor of human thinking.Metaphor is not just a rhetorical phenomenon,but the phenomenon of human cognition.In the process of generalization,metaphor plays a key role.Of course,a large-scale generalization also dues to many other factors.ChapterⅣ.We study meaning borrowing from foreign,TW-HK communities and dialects.Foreign meanings are borrowed into Mandarin counterparts mainly on the translation.Foreign lexical meanings are mainly borrowed,but sometimes the grammatical meanings and emotive meanings also are borrowed.Since the new period,a lot of meanings of TW-THK community are borrowed.As the same language,the absorption compared convenient.A large number of lexical meanings, grammatical meanings and emotive meanings are all borrowed into Mandarin counterparts.The number of meanings of Chinese dialects borrowed into Mandarin is relatively small,and mostly in Cantonese,Beijing dialect and Wu dialect.Meaning borrowing in the new period due to various reasons,both external dynamic society, but also common cognitive thinking of mankind,and language(dialect) difference each other.ChapterⅤ.We study the production and change of emotive meanings in the new period.Most of emotive meanings generated and changed based on the original meanings,but some foreign meaning,TW-HK community and dialects meaning sometimes impacts the change.ChapterⅥ.Conclusion.The contents of this study were summarized,summed up,and then this paper points out the lack of this study,and makes clear the direction for further research.