Jin And Yuan Transporter Secretary

The transport department(转运司which will be abbreviated to TD) is the political organization in the ancient times of our country,which is mainly responsible for imposing and transporting taxes.The TD's embryonic form is the legate of the TD(转运使) in the Tang Dynasty,who is the mandarinate that is sent to the local government to carry out some task.The TD comes into being in the time of Wudai and achieves the crest in Song Dynasty,when it not only is responsible for managing the local wealth,but becomes the local political organization and has the duty of supervising the official hierarchy.The Nuzhen(女真) race takes over the political and economical system of Liao,Song Dynasty after its establishing the Jin Dynasty, the organizational system of the TD is not exceptional,but its authority is reduced greatly as compared to that of the Song dynasty.The Mongolia's economical rule in the area south of Yellow River undergoes the process from the tax bureau(课税所) to the TD.But the huge transformation occurs to the TD at the initial stage of the Yuan Dynasty,it changes from the nationwide financial institution into the economic organization that is only responsible for the tax of salt and tea,and haven't restored to its original organizational system until the Ming and Qing Dynasty.Some scholar points out,"the political system of the society is brought about for the people's necessity of the political life,the running and change of the political setup are manifested by the political activities and changes of the relevant political community,the political organizational institution and the political roles." the main idea of this article is to investigate the operating style of the political system and the governor's selection of the political system in the social reform of the Jin and Yuan Dynasty,and try to explore the influence of the ethnic relationship,economical development,and the relationship between the political systems.The body of the article is divided into three parts.The first part mainly analyses the establishment of the system of the TD in Jin and Yuan dynasty.The result of the comparation is that the TD increases in quantity,lessens in scale and becomes poor in stability.The second part analyses the function of the TD in the Jin and Yuan Dynasty. The political functions of the TD vanish and its economic authority reduces in the process from Jin to Yuan dynasty.By the analyses of the assignment of the TD's officials,the third part demonstrates the main distinction between the TD's officials of the Jin and Yuan dynasty,which is that they increases in amount,but is contained in the exercise of the power and their descent appears the national prejudice,this phenomenon causes the whole quality of the TD's officials declines.From the result of the eventual change of the TD's system,the organization of the TD don't withdraw completely,the TDs that have the large amount of revenue on the salt and tea are still reserved,and their administrating systems are not fluctuant apparently.It is the phenomenon of the "path dependence" that will occur inevitably in the developing processes of the system.From the economic angle,the superior system apparently conforms to the need of the social development.The main causes of the tremendous changes of the TD system in the initial stage of the Yuan Dynasty is the advanced technology,the establishment of the new system,the variation of the market scale and the stop of the major warfare and so on.