A Study About The Supervising Officer Grain Transportation Of Ming And Qing Dynasties

Water transport, relating to the base of a country,Ancient China attaches great importance to water transport, From the collection of water transport, transport, delivery and warehouse management there are stringent regulations, The same is true of the Ming and Qing dynasties.For the past academic study of the Ming and Qing water transport, fruitful, But against the Ming and Qing water transport prison officials no in-depth study.As early as the first year hung shing, there has been a practice of sending CuiLiang official supervision tribute rice, CuiLiang officer at this time is just the prototype of the supervising officer.The orthodox and the master of supervision and the system of the tribute rice, Hongzhi jiajing and supervise tribute rice by master of the norm.As the supervising officer in the process of grain transportation importantincreasingly apparent, Supervising officer in jiajing forty-four years was awarded the mandate, from temporary sent to custom, This stage can be called the formation and development of wardens period in Ming dynasty.Longqing, supervising officer because of its disadvantages when monitoring and tribute rice, constantly officials demanded cutting leather, In longqing and wanli, and consequently the fact the ephors sometimes set up, and sometimes abolished, Until five years chongzhen, finally withdrew from the historical stage.In the ephors prototype stages is hung shing years, at this time as a method of shipment time,CuiLiang officer functions as overseers tribute rice and shipment as soon as possible, lest delay, The function is relatively single.After chenghua, as the change of shipping method, its function is also more complex, Such as urging states levy grain county government in a timely manner、Inspection tribute rice quality、 Escort tribute rice、supervise shipment military-transport food、 Supervision issued army food, Belong to the scope of its duties,Its importance is self-evident.Early years of the qing dynasty, had pushed officer oversee tribute rice, Push officer supervisory system, in the late Ming dynasty have been,Early years of the qing dynasty should be follow system of Ming dynasty.Kangxi six years, the qing government launched a large-scale movement of fire officials, Fire 142 push office, By whom to oversee the tribute rice became a problem. Of counsel, let TongZhi sentenced to supervise tribute rice, Emperor kangxi’s consent.Since then, push officer in qing dynasty is supervised by the officer as a by TongZhi pass sentence, And the area of provincial officers and supervision have made detailed provisions.Is opposite in the Ming dynasty, its function is also becoming more detailed and complicated.In spite of the set of Ming and qing government supervising officer, Want to supervise, suitable for grain transportation, But since Ming dynasty wardens to set up, its shortcomings have been revealed,Supervision and the effect is not ideal, Both for the defects of the system of grain transportation, but also against the officer’s own reason.