The Late Tang And Five Dynasties And Early Song Dynasty Study Dunhuang Sengsi,

Dunhuang is a well-known Buddhist city where existed a lot of Buddhist monasteries during the mediaeval times. Because there are large numbers of relevant records in the Dunhuang manuscripts, many scholars are interested in Buddhist history of Dunhuang .They have made great progress in the study of the monastic economy, the monastic system and the social life of Buddhist monks and nuns.Treating Dunhuang as a whole, researchers have promote the study much more deeper, however, this kind of research can not give a particular description and detailed analysis of every monastery of its own. Thereby, it will provide new horizon by promoting a combination of detailed investigation and integrative research.In this study, we chose"the Dunhuang Buddhist Monasteries during the Late Tang, Five Dynasties and the Early Song"as a specific object of study, and analyzed its historical evolution from historical angle adopting both the case study and the whole research. This article is composed of two parts. One as the research of Pure-land Monastery and Long-Xing Monastery, the other includes not only the monastic architecture, the comparison between monk-monasteries and nun-monasteries, but also the FuTian work. Based on the traditional philology and Buddhism, we particularly emphasized on distinguishing the historical materials and discussing the historical process, and paid attention to the course and reason of the transition of Dunhuang Buddhist Monasteries during the Late Tang, Five Dynasties and the Early Song, moreover, to find out the influence Dunhuang Buddhist Monasteries had on the faith of people at that times. We further upgrade our view from demonstration based on the theory of religion and sociology. We didn't planned to"reconstruct the history as the real one occurred in the past"(Leopold Rank)which seems to be impractical. But we still made every effort to"search for the history knowledge from the historical evidence". (Chen Yinke). We cherish the hope that this study will provide some new viewpoints and new angle of view for the study of a great many questions such as the relations between nation and society, common customs and religion, thinking and belief .As a integrated organism, the activities of Dunhuang Buddhist group was under the guidance of Du-si . As a result, various Buddhist monasteries always had something in common, this is the generality. On the other hand, they also presented diversity on account of the scale of different monasteries, the economic power, and the individual Buddhist. In addition to general research, this paper also focused on the particularity which is a new angle of view.Furthermore, we attempted to investigate the Dunhuang Buddhist Monasteries from the context of Buddhist in the mediaeval times in order to reveal the evolution and the historical status of The Dunhuang Buddhist Monasteries which is a important constitutive part of Chinese Buddhism. In this paper, we provided the case for further study on Buddhism during the mediaeval times, simultaneously shed light on another method that differ from the former ones.The last angle of this paper was discussing the function of Buddhist Monasteries in Dunhuang area during the mediaeval times , analyzing the relationship between Dunhuang Buddhist Monasteries and various social stratums, different nationalities and so on, uncovering the function to the Government of Guiyijun and the social life of common people in Dunhuang and even Hexi area, manifesting the characteristic of its earthliness as the religious opening space of social populace, showed the infiltration Buddhism performed in the public business, and making new beneficial attempt to elucidate the social function of Buddhist.The research indicated that Buddhism of Dunhuang was a most socialized, secularized religion, focusing on social conventions adaption and social relationship are crucial characteristics . The Buddhism Monasteries did not renounce the society and lived alone, but was an open space, closely linked with the common custom society. It communicated with the common custom society through politics, religion, economy, culture, and entertainment etc. in order to adjust the organic interrelationships, then displayed coexistence and coupling in a kind of self-adjustment way of social order. Monasteries had already became the religious and social activity center of the local people - - not only in geographic significance, they always located in the city of Shazhou or around,but also in the local people's mind, namely the spiritual pursue and cultural cohesive force for the locals.The Dunhuang Monasteries is not merely an architecture piece, but had evolved to be a connecting bridge between Buddhism culture and common custom cultural, thus maintained together in a wide range.