A Research Of The Adiministrative Supervisory Commissioner System In The People's Government (1949-1966)

The system of administrative supervisory commissioner is a kind of system on the agency of authorities. The system on the agency of administration in China originated from the system of function region called Buzhou in the Western Han Dynasty, and then handed down by the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in order to for their centralization and stability. After 1949, it is adopted by the People's Government to stabilize the state and reinforce effective the administration. The agency of administration is employed again guiding and inspecting the routines of the counties. The agency of administration by the government systematized through three stages of exploration and adjustment from 1949 to 1966.In 1967, it evolved into a regular local government between province and county called regional Revolutionary Committee, in 1978 it return to the regional administrative office and resume its role. From 1983it remained in some provinces because of the reform of administrative system. Therefore, the system of administrative supervisory commissioner is the beginning of the system on the agency of administration during the People's Government.The main problem on the system of administrative supervisory commissioner is to be resolved in my paper as followed:1,The position. From1949to1966, the central government stipulated it as the delegated government legally and stipulated its position, full name, administrative range, set rule and rank. However, the administrative supervisory commissioner had actually become a regular local government between province and county from 1958 to 1960.2,The function and the organization. From 1949to1966, inspecting and guiding the counties was the administrative supervisory commissioner's main duty, which was fulfilled through official documents, meetings, organizations, and inspections. The organizations for the Party, the government and the mass were were established together in 1950, and then they were established step by step. As the result, the administrative supervisory commissioner not only had the scale and structure of a regular local government, but also was suffered from overstaffed organization, was many and weighty, had many administrative levels and interim organizations.3,The operating mechanism of the administrative supervisory commissioner based on the office as the core and key of decision-making, including the executive meeting system, the documents, supervision system. As a result, the administrative work of the administrative supervisory commissioner was standardized through these systems. Simultaneously it was marked by the management like craftsmanship, inefficient administration, redtapism, Formalism, bureaucracy and so on.4,Financial affairs. Since the administrative supervisory commissioner had no financial power and incomes during 1949-1957 and 1961-1966, whose administrative expenditures were allotted by provincial government. After having financial power in 1958-1960, the administrative supervisory commissioner had the same income column (tax, revenue of the industry, other income) and expenditure column (economic construction expenditure, administrative expenditure, social undertakings expenditure and other expenditure) as other local governments.5,During the system of administrative supervisory commissioner the government didn't specialize the personnel system. The cadres in the administrative supervisory commissioner were managed as a part of integral personnel system, so the cadre's management regulated strictly by the metabolic system (selection and hiring, training, deployment, retirement), stimulating system (assessment, award and punishment), ensuring system (salary, welfare) and so on. In fact, there were some shortcomings in system and problems in practice.6,At the pattern of Party-government, Party committee in the administrative supervisory commissioner was supreme and absolute authority through the network organization, the commissioner held a subordinate position. This relationship weakened the authority and function of the administrative supervisory commissioner, at the same time, Party committee underwent the administration, neglected the Party affairs and diminished its function and position.7,The establishment and evolution of the agency of authorities system in the People's Government had its roots. It had advantages and disadvantages but its operation has reflected many administration's features of local government at that time.