A Study On The Institution Of Administration-supervising Commissioner From 1932 To 1936--Take Hubei Province As An Example

The institution of administration-supervising commissioner, which the Nanjing National Government (NNG) established in the 1930's, is a significant reform of regional political system between province and county. According to the Kuomintang's outline to establish the country, the NNG advocated to divide the administrative levels into province and county. However, an administrative supervision commissioner level had to be added because of the practical needs.There is an origin and course of involvement of the administrative supervision commissioner institution. Before the administrative supervision commissioner institution was founded, there had been some institutions between province and county .In August 1932, the Executive Yuan proclaimed the temporary byelaws for the sake of identifying the institutions in different provinces, while the Yu, E, Wan Headquarters proclaimed the organizational byelaws by the martial needs. Thus the two different byelaws coexisted. By 1936, the administrative supervision commissioner institution was uniformed, established and taken effects in most of the provinces after several times of involvement.Hubei Province is the main area where the Kuomintang's army to suppress the Chinese Communist Party. It is one of the provinces that established the institution of the commissioner. Commissioners were set up all over the province. The whole province was divided into eleven administration supervising areas in September 6, 1932 and the eleven areas had been incorporated into eight by 1936. Thereafter, the institution of commissioners, which acted as the connection between the province and the counties, took effects in the region administration in Hubei Province. The major work of the commissioners was to in charge of the civil administration, finance, education and construction in each area. The commissioners also acted as the chief of the staff to ensure public security and the head of the county in the area.The aims to set up the institution of administration-supervising commissioner were to regulate the officials, increase the administrative efficiency, search the country and eliminate rebels, and deal with problems arising from wars. However, the outcomes of the systems didn't reach the anticipated goals. The establishment of the systems also represented the tendency of the centralization of state power in the period of NNG.