The Reform On Educational System And The Construction Of Modern Literature At The Final Stage Of Qing Dynasty And The Early Stage Of The Republic Of China

Through the literature review of literary history and educational history and based on the special historical context of the development and construction of modern literature, this paper takes an interdisciplinary approach to a series of reforms on educational system at the final stage of Qing Dynasty and the early stage of the Republic of China: the enactment of school regulations, the establishment of new style school, the formulation of the system of studying abroad and the abolishment of the civil service examination system, etc. Also their relationships with the construction of modern literature are explored here. The view in this paper is that in the process of the construction of modern literature the educational reform at the final stage of Qing Dynasty and the early stage of the Republic of China not only worked as a social background but a participating force providing political system guarantee, human resources guarantee and theater for the development of modern literature and the whole literary ecological space.The body of the dissertation is composed of four parts. Chapter One is the introduction of the initiating of the proposition. It is held that living in the literary ecological space that is made up with a large variety of factors literature study should not be bound to text itself. All the factors in the literary ecological space can be taken as perspectives or means to the concerned problem and thus the salience of the significance of education as a new perspective for interpretation. Also, the present research products in the academic field are introduced here together with the defining of the main concepts in this paper and the formulation of the research route and the direction for further study.Chapter Two presents the discussion on the political system guarantee effect of educational system reform on the construction of modern literature at the final stage of Qing Dynasty and the early stage of the Republic of China. The purpose is to demonstrate that the construction of modern literature rely not on the creation of literature work but also the support of literature course system. It is with the establishment of new academic system and course system, the formulation of school regulations and the perfection of educational system at the final stage of Qing Dynasty and early stage of the Republic of China that the modern concept of literature course gained its position. The discussion also covers that the abolishment of the civil service examination system was the foundation for the establishment of new educational system and knowledge system. Modern intellectuals, with the scientific spirit and rationality acquired from new style education, analyzed and criticized the shortcomings in Chinese traditional literature and culture, which provided the basis for modern literature to accept modern western value measures such as science and democracy. Besides, it is on the basis of national language revolution at the final stage of Qing Dynasty and the early stage of the Republic of China and taking school as the context that literature revolution changed 'literature of national language' into 'language of literature' and advanced the interaction between the vernacular Chinese revolution and the national language revolution for the final decisive success.Chapter Three puts emphasis on the significance of the formulation of modern intellectuals on the construction of modern literature. Modern intellectuals were transformed from traditional scholars after the education of new style institute and the influence of western scientific knowledge. They were the human resources guarantee for the construction of modern literature. And those who had studied abroad exerted some special influence on the construction of modern literature because of their special identity of cultural margins and the thus-formed integration crisis.Chapter Four probes into the environment in the school which worked as the theater of the construction of modern literature and analyzes the significant influence of the school culture in the May-Fourth Period on the construction of modern literature. It was manifested in the great impact of the academic environment and school culture after Cai Yuanpei worked as the president of Beijing University on the establishment of new culture party, the influence of literature revolution and on the formulation of the accepting group of modern literature. It is also manifested in the courage of theSoutheast style of study is learning a weighing apparatus that XueHeng faction still has courage going upstream in 20'of"literature revolution has already after discussing scheduled time", questioning propping up that new culture party;Apart from that, this chapter also presents the discussion on the special school culture of missionary schools. Being special in Chinese educational system, missionary schools had a unique religious atmosphere and thus left religious trace in modern writers' mind and work.Finally, after all the analysis of the relationship between the education at the final stage of Qing Dynasty and the early stage of the Republic of China and literature, this dissertation calls on that such expounding can provide one kind of the new visual angle understanding and explaining for the new period literature phenomenon studies.