The History Of "Pipa" Criticism

Pipa is the classical works that had been concerned and criticized in the Ming and Qing dynasty. The thesis comprehensively, systematically and thoroughly explores the criticism history of this classical playwriting, describes its historical criticism appearance for the first time. The thesis divides the history of Pipa criticism into four phases in terms of temporal advance, and introduces main contents of various stages'of criticism, summes up the characteristics of every period's criticism by analysing criticism literature.The first one is the criticism in the early Ming dynasty. The specific political,cultural environment and critic's status decided that this period took the social culture criticism as the main characteristic. The criticism in the early Ming dynasty has the great innovative significances: it excavated the works'value; established its historical situation; set up the coordinate for creation and criticism in the later ages. Emphasizing the works'theme not only completed the judgment task to its social value, and also powerfully initiated the ethical operas'creation trend, and opened the subjects which the later generations criticized.The second one is the criticism from the Mid Ming dynasty to the end. In a series of changes, the essential characteristic is changing from social culture criticism primarily to artistic aesthetics criticism primarily. People's comments also changed from unanimous praise of the early period to praise and satirization. The criticism were carried on under the " song standard " of vision, at the same time, critics paid attentions to"play"factors.The third one is the criticism in the early Qing dynasty. This period didn't have criticism vigor like the Middle and Late Ming dynasty's. The Ming dynasty's great debate changed into calm, rational and even introspective academic research. Critic's research enthusiasm, state of mind and theory own development all returned to the tradition, presented the characteristic of summarizing the past."The play standard"idea was implemented comprehensively in the criticism, thus caused classical play theory, this organism , to move towards plentiful and the three-dimensional.The fourth one thoroughly analyses Mao shengshan's criticism. He pushed criticism carried on from literature angle since the Ming Dynasty to the extremes, was a huge theory summary. The thesis grasps the critic's state of mind, the purpose of initiating this play through studying his criticism motive. Understanding the widespread profound the propagation general situation of"The wool criticism"through various editions'introduction. From the fable level, ethics level, the plot level three aspects the thesis analyses the content characteristic of"the wool criticism"."The wool criticism"is the most important criticism works in the early Qing Dynasty, also is the milestone works in this play's entire criticism history.The fifth one the criticism from the Mid Qing dynasty to the early Republic of China. The criticism were covered nearly the textual research, the textual research scale, the quality far exceed the previous generation, became the remarkable characteristic of this period criticism. The textual criticism finally made criticism evolve for the pure academic research, and had formed serious and even cautious research style. At the early Republic of China criticism displayed to inheritance of the previous generation; simultaneously, made the classical time criticism to the end, but new times endowed the new criticism connotation,it was also simultaneously unfolded in this process.The last one is mainly concerned with the profound and humorous Pipa's culture. Reveling works'prosperous reason: the works has suited the Chinese nation tradition cultural psychology structure, has manifested essence of the national culture spirit .It proved once more that,when an artistic work successfully described the soul of the national culture in which it produced , it also obtained the capital of becoming immortal with this cultural together.Carefully examied a comprehensive set of textual documentations that the predecessor found, the thesis compiled the chronicle of "Pipa" criticism, transcribed Shenjing's sound law about"Pipa"in the"South Jiugong music scores". Taking them as the paper appendix, hoping to provide the beneficial literature help for this play's research.