On The Vocabulary Of Ming Dynasty Based On Corpus According To

As the most important phenomenon in human society, the development of language is continuous and progressive, and we can see the whole development of the language from language form of an era. Vocabulary is an element of the language, so lexics is an important sub-discipline of linguistics. Lexical studies are important content of language studies, and its cohort study is an important research methods and steps. Chinese in Ming Dynasty, the late stage in the development of modern Chinese, which is associated with the present Chinese, shows the commonness and individuality of Chinese. The paper takes the vocabulary development pattern of Ming Dynasty into research content, as so as the whole features of Chinese vocabulary.The paper is made of the following several parts.As a preface, chapter one describes the paper's meaning, methods, train of thought and the objectives. To research vocabulary in Ming Dynasty, we must collect the new words,new sememe and disappeared words which can reflect vocabulary feature in Ming Dynasty as soon as possible. contains the most vocabulary entry, and the most extensive citation, so we establish the corpus about vocabulary sort in Ming Dynasty according to .There are some new words and new sememe that first example has been seen later than other literature in .There are also some disappeared words that the last example has been seen earlier than other literature in the dictionary. We do the textual research strictly to make sure the corpus accurately, and to doing the research.Chapter two lists the symbolic words that reflects social feature of Ming Dynasty and express different social content, which reflect the close relationship and interactive mode between the vocabulary and the development of society.In the chapter three and four, the new words in Ming Dynasty are classified by some relationships: the basic vocabulary and the general vocabulary, the monosyllabic words and the compound syllabic words, the spoken words and the text words, the single meaning words and the polysemous words, the synonyms and the equivalent words, the homomorphic words and the heterotype words. Besides the synonyms and equivalent words are relation of inclusion, the others are lexical category of attributes relative. From frequency of the basic vocabulary and the general vocabulary usage, the new words in Ming Dynasty belong to general vocabulary mostly, few of which become basic vocabulary in the future, which tells us that there are not important social transforms in Ming Dynasty. Besides, a lot of the new words in Ming Dynasty were compound syllabic words. It reflects complex development of subjective world and objective world, as well as symbols are superimposed in the world of language.According to different materials, the new words are divided into the spoken words and the text words. The two words are of different values, which can reflect process of creating words. Most of the new words are the single meaning words, which accord with the relationship of quantity between the meaning and the syllable. There are a lot of similar words and the equivalent words, which embody expressing the meaning from every aspect. There are lots of homomorphic words and the heterotype words, which show the complex relationships between the form and the meaning.In chapter five, we inspect the new words' structure mode and word-formation mode respectively from the grammar, semantics and phonics. The word is a structure form, structure analysis is an static analysis of words. Word-building is the process of formation words; its analysis is dynamic analysis. In terms of grammar, semantics and syllable, the structure model of the new words and word-formation mode in Ming dynasty are obviously higher than that in modern Chinese vocabulary. Due to the ancient Chinese exists some special vocabulary and syntax, which made single syllable words have more freedom and space in word choices and sentence variety. Although Ming period is the mature stage of compound syllable words, the single syllable words still maintained its features by becoming semanteme. So the space is more than modern Chinese in construct words with semanteme in Ming Dynasty and less than the limits of word-formation.In chapter six, we analyze the way to produce new meanings. The meaning of single syllable words of Chinese vocabulary in Ming dynasty can extend meaning in two ways: within the semantic category of similar extension and without that relevant extension. The way to produce compound syllable words' meaning has three methods: expanding, shrinking and transfer. Producing compound words' parallel meaning has two ways: to change the semanteme or the object. This is the generation mode of the new meaning of Chinese vocabulary.In chapter seven, we analyze the disappearance mode of Chinese vocabulary of Ming Dynasty. The things, the language or concept changing or disappearing would lead to the disappearance of the words. There are two main ways about disappearance of the words, one is that the words are replaced by words and the other is that words are replaced by linguistic unit. That is the main ways by the replacement by other words or other language.In chapter eight, it is the conclusion. It reveals the Chinese general modes of the vocabulary's development by the contradiction movement between the process of new words and the lexical of Chinese vocabulary.The paper mainly includes the following innovative point.Firstly, we classify a variety of vocabulary to vocabulary category that has the same character according to their characters. The method of classification and comparison is beneficial to concentrate observation angle to find mode of vocabulary development and regularity in Ming Dynasty.Secondly, "vocabulary formation" replaces word-formation; word-making and configuration etc and observe the "vocabulary formation" from the objective world, the subjective world and the language world. It is a process that vocabulary formation, generated by their subordinate language when accepting objective existence of raw material's requirements, and follows the certain rules after thinking of raw material choice.Thirdly, we propose the concept" cognate morphemes" and" identical morpheme "and applies them to the vocabulary study. Morpheme is made of sound and meaning, which is the smallest unit in language, but some scholars use" polysemy morphemes" to research polysemy words. Most monosyllabic words are polysemy words, and there are many meaning when a monosyllabic polysemy word becomes a morpheme construct a new word, which leads to propose" polysemy morphemes". Actually, a morpheme only shows one meaning. If there are many meanings constructing new words when a monosyllabic polysemy word becomes a morpheme, it forms "cognate morphemes", which are made of "identical morpheme "."Identical morpheme "has only one meaning. Because of two concepts, we can solved a lot of problems in the study of vocabulary.Fourthly, we study the single syllable words and compound syllable words with some meanings separately. The paper believes that the new meanings of the single syllable words come to being generally by extension, and the compound syllable words with some meanings are drawn by extension meaning and parallel relations. Besides, there are other ways to produce new meanings.