On Chinese Phonology Of Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty is an important stage of modern Chinese mandarin's development. Although Chinese phonology of Yuan Dynasty has been researched greatly, there are still many questions need to discuss further, currently. Based on the historical venation of Chinese common language, we make further researches on interrelated questions, under the guidance of the concept of Chinese literature' Cunyaqiuzheng. There are five chapters except for the foreword and epilogue: Chapterâ… is Theory and Materials 'Analysis of Yuan Dynasty Chinese Shonology Study. We talk about theries, the concept of Cunyaqiuzheng, applied to the thesis, and materals of literature. Chapterâ…¡is the Initial System of Yuan Dynasty Chinese Phonology. After discussion the initial system of Zhongyuanyinyun, we talk about questions interrelated to the initial system of Yuan Dynasty Chinese. Chapterâ…¢is the Final System of Yuan Dynasty Chinese Phonology. We study the final system of Zhongyuanyinyun and questions interrelated to the final system of Yuan Dynasty Chinese. Chapterâ…£is the Tone System of Yuan Dynasty Chinese Phonology. We summarize the tone system of Zhongyuanyinyun and probe into the tone system of Yuan Dynasty Chinese. Chapterâ…¤is the Table of Syllable. We list the table syllable of rhyme books and rhyme diagrams, such as Zhongyuanyinyun, Zhongzhouyuefuyinyunleibian, Mengguziyun, Gujinyunhuijuyao, Qieyunzhinan, Wuyinjiyun, Sishengdengzi.The main innovations of this thesis are mainly the following five parts:Firstly, the initial Zhi, Zhuang, Zhang can divide into two groups according to their finals. The Zhi er-zhuang group spell with Hongyin, the Zhi san-zhang group spell with Xiyin. But they are still allophones, no antitheses. The mixture of Jing and Zhuang indicated that some Zhuang initial words had developed in advance, and it was the result of vocabulary pervasion according to the Theory of Pervasion of Vocabulary.Secondly, Words both in the Xiaohao and Gege rhyme categories were not the overlay from other dialect's speech concluded by other scholars. It was the result of speech choice during the period of entering tone's fade away. The Huanhuan rhyme categories did't reflect the truth of Yuan Dynasty Chinese speech. Zhoudeqing established it relied on his own examination. There are nothing can give proof of the dialect foundation of Zhongyuanyinyun is in somewhere in morden dialects. The Zhi er-zhuang group words in Jiangyang rhyme categories had turned into Hekou, we can seek its evolvement track in interrelated literature.Thirdly, There was still entering tone in Zhongyuanyinyun, but voiced entering tone had disappeared, total voiced entering tone became rising tone, sub-voiced entering tone became falling tone, only voiceless entering tone was real entering tone. We can make hypothetical validation to proof their chacracters by modern experimental phonetics instrument depended on dialects.Fourthly, There were no voiced initials in Yuan Dynasty Chinese. The reservations of voiced initials in interrelated literature were conservative, which compromised to the traditional rhyme category structure. The disjoining of Ni and Niang initial in interrelated literature phonologyis were not real, there were no differences between the two initials, and they should be regarded as one initial. Xia and He divided into two initials according to Hong and Xi, but they had no antitheses in phoneme. Each literature differed in the setup of Ying and Yao initial in Yuan Dynasty Chinese.There were many contradictions and not suitable to be classed. Yi, Yu and Yu initials had been mixed to zero initial, rhyme books disjoining them just was a way of considering tradition.Fifthly, The letter-rhymes in rhyme books like Mengguziyun, Gujinyunhuijuyao were man-made but not real finals. In order to list more hPhags-pa words, they comparted Chinese sound class, so we should analyse the letter- rhymes according to actual situation of Chinese speech evolution but not hPhags-pa words simply. They were few differences between the final system of letter-rhymes combined by analyzing the medial vowel system, phoneme contrasting, and the final system of Zhongyuanyinyun. The Chongniu opposition did't exist in Yuan Dynasty Chinese literature, it was just an old rhyme books' pattern without real language supporting. Finals' Kaihe and Hongxi behind labial initials relied on Zhongyuanyinyun and the evolution rule of Mandarin. It seemed that there were reservation of entering tone final in each Yuan Dynasty Chinese literature. The final endings of entering tone had mixed and glottal stops final ending reserved seemingly. And at the same time, there were many evidences indicated that the entering tone was on the way to evolvement into non-entering tone.