Rural Honghu Society In The People's Commune System

This paper attempts to research the practice of political power in the rural areas from the perspective of social history. Discussing the interests between nation, local society and grass-roots people for clues, it provides the specific analysis of compaign and production in the People's Commune system in rural Honghu aimed to illustrate the Multidimensional survival of ordinary people in the collectivization.With questioning about reality, through the field-based survey, the author spends six months seaching a large number of files during the People's Commune period village and township authorities have preserved. With a solid material foundation and the necessary interviews, the author starts writing the thesis. The full text expouds the interaction between peasans and nation with politics embedding into the village after 1949, especially during the People's Commune. With the land reform and development of agricultural cooperatives, Chinese society have been into a "compaign" era. "Great Leap Forward" and the People's Commune Movement in 1958 leads to the tragic failure.The grassroots level actively responds to famine. The government tries to improve the commune system to achieve a harmonious relationship between nation and peasants. In 1962 the "three-all, team-based" People's commune ownership is established, which integrates customary of peasans with the commune system in a way. In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of laborers, the People's commune implements a set of production management system combining personal benefits and collective benefits. Through labor emulation and establishing the working model to mobilize the broad masses of peasants to join collective production, their enthusiasm is mobilized and agricultural production has been the recovery and development.With the development of production, however, contradictions arises from between the "capitalist tendencies" of peasants, the "class position" of grass-roots cadres and the state's goal to found a new society. In order to correct the non-right direction, the government continues the treatment of class struggle—the socialist education campaign since the 1950s, with a view to educating peasants and rural cadres to make sure a socialist direction. In order to consolidate the socialist direction, the government establishes a model for rural development - Dazhai. The peasants keep a positive response to state power and adopt a variety of anti-system behavior, their spontaneous desire for the rich after all, is difficult to exercise complete political baptism. When high-level power is back, the rural family business soon resumes. Governing the People's commune by class struggle through the countryside to meet the maintenance of order fails because the goal is too ideal. Prevention and control of schistosomiasis as public utility of the government may have a strong political meaning in the context of ideology, but which, after all, raise a collective system against natural disasters and disease.Narrating the experience of the People's commune system in rural Honghu is not all the purpose of the author. The author is on the academic purpose of constructing a society from the perspective of narrative analysis of case, profoundly describing the rural power, relationship between nation and the local society, showing the logic of day-to-day behavior of process - hidden behind the case, which contributes to current new rural construction very much.