Chinese Kuomintang Central Standing Committee Of Study :1926-1949

After reorganization, the Chinese Kuomintang imitated the Soviet Union system, established a whole set of new system of party organization from the top down and adopted the representative assembly system and the committee member system. According to the democratic principles of centralized system of organization, Kuomintang took the National Congress, the Local Assembly, and the Local Party Members Assembly as different levels of organs of power and the Executive Committees as executive institutions. When the National Congress is not in session, the Central Executive Committee is the highest ruling body of the Party and when the Central Executive Committee is not in session, the Central Standing Committee takes the responsibility. This is the origin of the Chinese Kuomintang's Central Standing Committee of the Central Executive Committee, which combined the creation of the actual conditions of China and the Soviet organization, however, the academic research in this field has been relatively weak. Except very few works and papers which briefly mentioned that, there is no monograph or treatise yet.Because the National Congress and the Central Executive Committee had relatively longer intervals and limited sessions, they could not make timely decisions on related issues, while being the permanent organ of the Central Executive Committee, the Central Standing Committee held regular meetings at least once a week, and the participants were relatively fixed and could deal with issues in time. And also, due to Kuomintang's one-party rule, the Central Standing Committee became an important decision-making center of the party and could function as the highest authority, which was the birthplace of the party policies, the highest legislature and the commander-in-chief of the system's smooth operation.Being the highest decision-making organ of Kuomintang, the Central Standing Committee managed the organization, publicity, training, personnel, finance and other related issues of the party, set the party laws and regulations, guided the Kuomintang headquarters and the work of the party place at all levels, discussed timely matters for the central ministries and local party petition, and made the normal operation of the Kuomintang party system; On the other hand, the Chinese Kuomintang Central Standing Committee was to guide the implementation of the Kuomintang's political affairs, which embodied in managing affairs submitted by the Central Political Committee and the Supreme Council of National Defense Council. Although as a bridge between the party and the national government, the Central Political Committee guided the national government to implement policy, the organization regulations and candidates of the Central Political Committee were decided by the Central Standing Committee, resolutions of the Central Political Committee should be reported to the Central Standing Committee and the Central Standing Committee then would send them to the National Government which finally would implement the resolutions. In the wartime, the Supreme Council of National Defense nominally unified and commanded the party, government, and military power, taking the place of the Central Political Committee, in fact, the Central Standing Committee still made direct decisions on party issues, and the Supreme Council of National Defense should still report to the Central Standing Committee which was to put on files. In the early days of allocution, the Central Standing Committee was the highest national decision-making body on behalf of the whole nation, and the Kuomintang party system was gradually established and perfected.Since it was established in January 1926, the Central Standing Committee went through a process in its actual operation. During the period of the Guangzhou National Government, it was mainly responsible for the guidance of party work, party organizations at all levels, formulated laws and regulations, guided and set up the party at all levels, dealt with disputes and financial and other issues effectively. During the period of Wuhan National Government, the Central Standing Committee unified the command of party, government, and military power, but in the period of the Nationalist Government in Nanjing, it again turned to deal with the party work. In the early days of allocution, the status of the Central Standing Committee was formally established by the Guiding Principle of Political Tutelage, which entitled the committee to execute power on behalf of the people. In real operation, the Central Standing Committee was Kuomintang's decision-making center. During special periods of war, although the Central Standing Committee still made decisions, the establishment of the president made the Central Standing Committee became responsible to the president; the president would decide the appointment, removal, the motions and other important issues etc, and the Central Standing Committee had to "go by the rules" until after the war, and the function of the Central Standing Committee was gradually weakened.In addition, the Kuomintang factional disputes affected the function of the Central Standing Committee. The constant disputes among Wang, Hu and Jiang factions, was reflected in the changes of the Standing Committee, the organization and decision-making. The dominant faction always had a larger number of committee members in the Standing Committee, and its resolution could be passed with a decisive influence. Chiang Kai-shek's military finally started to win in the internal factions of the Kuomintang and the Standing Committee number increased to 55 and became Chiang Kai-shek's instrument of balancing the interests between internal factions.To sum up, the Central Standing Committee played an important role in the history of the Chinese Kuomintang. It guided the operation of the Kuomintang through its laws, regulations and personnel appointments and removals, etc., and thus the Kuomintang system was gradually improved, their party headquarters were set up at all levels, the number of party members increased, promotion and training became effective. Although its function later was weakened, the legal status of the Central Standing Committee was not changed. Even when it was responsible to the president, the resolutions of the president must still be decided and delivered to relevant departments in the form of law by the Central Standing Committee. So was the implementation of government guidance.