The Research On The Decoration Of Tombs In The North Area Of The Song Dynasty

The decoration of the tombs in the North area of the song Dynasty is very abundant, including the imitating wooden structure architectural decoration, outdoor life decoration, family life decoration, Filial Piety history decoration, immortal monster decoration and some species of animals and plants decoration and so on. With the spreading of the archaeological working in the north and the materials continuously enriching about the Song tomb, the research work of the Northern Song tombs gradually put on the agenda. The paper based on the data reported about more than 174 Song tombs which are decorated, tombs of the northern district of start the study of decorative elements. There are fourteen chapters in this paper.Chapter one, Introduction. This chapter introducts the focuses on the object of study, content and purpose of the paper, and give a brief comprehensive set about the history of the Northern Song tombs decoration. Referencing some scholars'staging criterion about the tombs in the North area of the song Dynasty, basing on the conditions of the Humanities Geography and the Natural Geography in the north and combined the decoration about the tombs in the North area of the song Dynasty, which will be divided into three periods four paragraphs, ten regions.Chapter two, The decoration aboutⅠregion(YU ZHONG). The range includes KaiFeng, ZhengZhou, XuChang in Henan Province. The materials about tomb in the area can last from the early Northern Song Dynasty to the late Northern Song Dynasty and emerge clear development context. The imitating wooden structure architectural decoration is mature. The Building painting is very elegant. The using of the WU CAI BIAN ZHUANG is more frequent than the JIE LV ZHUANG, JIE LV JIE HUA ZHUANG. The content of decoration about the inner wall of tombs is main on the a variety of home-based map which can be divided into the hall activities and activities within the resting. The conent is very rich, which basically reflects all aspects about the eating, wearing, housing and traveling. The inner bracketing eye wall were covered with filial piety stories and flowers. The top of the tombs decorate extradition, soaring and other supernatural type of content, the burial chamber is decorated, showing some of the upper and lower levels. All kinds of decorative techniques are more refined, mature, and reflecting a higher artistic level.Chapter three, The decoration aboutⅡregion(YU XI). The materials about tomb in the area assemble in the Northern Song Dynasty medium, late periods, but the early-material is shortage. The decorative elements are simpler than theⅠregion(YU ZHONG). The doors and window imitated wooden structure architectural decoration (especially the GeShan door and the Kan window), part of the sarcophagus is a fairly unique engraved lines. The decoration conents reflecting banquet themes are very banquet. There is also a small amount of Hua Zhou, flowers and other exotic stone bonsai which embody decorative theme of the humanities features.Chapter four, The decoration aboutⅢregion(YU XI NAN). The range includes the Nanyang city, Henan province. The materials about tomb assemble in the late Northern Song Dynasty. The content of decoration about the tombs is main on the imitating wooden structure architectural decoration, all kinds of furniture.the other are rare.Chapter five, The decoration aboutⅣregion(YU BEI). The range includes the northen side of the Yellow river, in Henan Province. The tombs in the area assemble in the medium, late Northern Song Dynasty. The content of the decoration is main on the imitating wooden structure architectural. But the structure is simple. The Brick Sculpture and the Laying Brick are common, but the painting is rare. The content of decoration about the inner wall of tombs appears more activities, owner of the tomb there are more frequent, more show host and sitting down to a feast of the scene, and the content associated with JI YUE playing, which can be subdivided into Zaju pictures and Dance pictures. The contents take on some commonalities.Chapter six, The decoration aboutⅤregion(SHAN DONG). The range includes some parts of Shandong Peninsula. The materials about tomb in the Kaifeng can last from the early Northern Song Dynasty to the late Northern Song Dynasty. The content about the decoration is very simple. there are plenty of the imitating wooden structure architectural decoration. The door of some tombs are beautifully decorated with scrolls and can be opened, which is more characteristic. The performance of activities of the subject matters is rare.Chapter seven, The decoration aboutⅥregion(JI ZHONG NAN). The range includes the central and southern Hebei. The materials about tomb in the area are rich. The period assemble in the medium, late Northern Song Dynasty. The decoration is main on the imitating wooden structure architectural decoration, furniture pictures. The content reflecting people activities are rare. The decorative standard between tombs is very significantly. There are some decorative outdoor lifestyle, including trace and training plans, grazing maps, lack of filial piety story map decoration. Some of the graves appear southeast wall the"erected a monument map", the main structure of the Xu Mizuo-type markers, should be a symbol of a simple underground"shrine".Chapter eight, The decoration aboutⅦregion(JIN DONG NAN). The range includes the Taiyue east of the southeast of Shanxi Province and the west of the Taihang Mountains—Jinzhong, Changzhi, Jincheng ect. The materials about tomb assemble in the medium, late Northern Song Dynasty. The shape of the tombs is especial, which thereby open up small niches or Ceshis and decorate beauiful Xu Mizuo. There are other contents, for example the imitating wooden structure architectural decoration, outdoor life decoration, family life decoration, Filial Piety history decoration, immortal monster decoration, landscape and flowers paintings etc. They embody some regional characteristics. The content of decoration about the inner wall of tombs cover with certain amount of production of decorative crafts map, Including grinding map, Tsuishine map, Kap Shui map, cattle maps, pull yarn maps, also including a small amount of Qian Ma, a chain camel map decorations. The decoration of Filial Piety Stories is simple and the decoration location is not fixed. Some of the graves decorated single, multiple images of filial filial crying, in niches or the inner door side of the tombs, unique to the District. Performance and good fortune, images tomb is abundant, including the Door-god, flying,Four Gods, Kirin combination with the sheep of God.Chapter nine, The decoration aboutⅧregion(JIN ZHONG NAN). The range includes the Fen river, in central and southern Shanxi Province. The materials about tomb assemble in the late Northern Song Dynasty, between the Song and the Jin Dynasty. The decoration related to the activities is rare, reflect the dinner and the JiYue. There are some auspicious animal decorations.Chapter ten, The decoration aboutⅨregion(SHAN XI). The range includes the middle and lower reaches of Weihe River. The materials about tomb in the aera assemble in the late Northern Song Dynasty. The shape of the tombs are main the square. The structure within the tombs often omitted the Lean column. The imitating wooden structure architectural decoration is very mature. The other tend to simple. The Song Dynasty Tombs in Panle Village, Hancheng county and Yanchuan County decorate many figures, the performance of Buddha Nirvana maps and scenes associated with the Chinese grand funeral plans, etc. The scene is very rare.Chapter eleven, The decoration aboutⅩregion(GAN NING). The range includes the the upper reaches of the Weihe River and its tributaries upstream areas Jing. The materials about tomb in the upper reaches of the Weihe River and its tributaries upstream areas Jing assemble in the medium, late Northern Song Dynasty. The decoration is main on the mosaic tile-based single-block carving. The screen conent is not consistent and the decoration of painting is rare. The content includ the imitating wooden structure architectural decoration, outdoor life decoration, family life decoration, Filial Piety history decoration, immortal monster decoration and some species of animals and plants decoration and so on. And part of the decorated contents of tombs in theⅦregion(JIN DONG NAN) are similar between the two areas which reflects the content of graves decorated learn of each other. Plant and animal decorative patterns appear in large numbers in the inner wall of tombs, another feature of the District graves decorated.Chapter twelve, The Regional relations, Overall Features and function about the decoration of the tombs in the North area of the song Dynasty. On the basis of the former research about the decoration of the tombs in all regions invest the relationship between the various regional tombs about the decoration and point out that the tombs in the North area of the song Dynasty can be divided into the eastern district series and the western district series. The eastern is the chief and the western is the subordinate. During the eastern, theⅠregion is the central area of the Northern Song tombs decoration, that was to say the Dong Jing City is the north central area of the carved brick murals decoration, and give some impact to other regions. With the Jurchen entering the Central Plains, bringing a new burial customs, give some impact to the original burial decorative. While south of Shanxi geographical environment because of its relatively closed, continued the old tradition of decorating graves, as the Jin Dynasty tomb carved brick mural center. Based on the decorative features of various tombs in the other parts, and then sum up the general characteristics of the Northern Song tombs decoration and decorative features(the Decorative layout, Subjects, techniques), formation(the Geography reason, Historical tradition, Social background) and function of the brick mural tombs. Chapter thirteen, The reflecting about the social life of the Song Dynasty from the decoration of the tombs in the North area of the song Dynasty. From the content which the tombs themselves showing, reveals the contents of this part of the decoration to show the social trend of the Song Dynasty, including the home furnishings fashion, banquet and watching dramas, outing manners, economic life and civil burial practices, etc. At the some time, we must point out that the decoration about the tomb is only a very small part of content about the Song Dynasty, but we can replenish the history from the part of the real materials.Chapter fourteen, Conclusion. Makes a summary on the content of this paper and point out that the Tombs decoration more reflect the civilian population, wealthy family aspects of life, and the content for bureaucrats, aristocrats and other social life covering the top is few. And because of the content of graves decorated and there are some imbalances during the parts and the level of my research restrictions, which make us to study the decoration for the Song Dynasty Tombs in certain non-comprehensive, and we hope that more archaeological material to enrich and perfect!...