Study On The New-seeing Meanings Of Chinese Characters On Chu Bamboo Slips

In recent years, large numbers of Chu bamboo slips which could been determined certain dynasty and made up for any blank have been unearthed and published, and which caused a trend in many relevant academic community to use these new materials to re-examine those history of academic which have existed. As a newly unearthed ancient Chinese characters materials, no doubt, Chu bamboo slips have great significance to the study of the history of Chinese characters, and study on Chinese characters in Chu bamboo slips has became a hotspot, but the most outstanding achievements in the explanation of Chinese characters, the study on the history of Chinese characters is not sufficient, and under the angle of view, the systematically study on the meanings of Chinese characters is very deficient. For the reason, This thesis based on the visual angle of certain dynasty, using digital processing means, to comprehensive sorts out the new-seeing meanings of Chinese characters in Chu bamboo slips, and on the base, by scientifically count and analyze, to reveal the significance and value about the meanings system of Chinese characters in Chu bamboo slips on history of Chinese characters, and try to provide new material for the amendment of relevant dictionary.This thesis falls into six parts.Discussion of preliminary described the research significance of this article and related research, explained the starting point of study, and by distinguish the types of Chu bamboo slips, explained the selection to the object of this thesis went to study, defined the objectives of to study, and illustrated the conception of "new seeing- meanings of characters", and account for discrimination and description of new seeing- meanings of characters. The "new seeing- meanings of characters" which the thesis defined including new appeared meanings, which not first appeared in Oracle and Bronze that before the Warring States Period, but Chu bamboo slips; Zhun new appeared meanings, which not first appeared in Oracle and Bronze that before the Warring States Period, but extant documents; special-seeing meanings, which not appeared in others literature, but only in Chu bamboo slips. According to the nature of meanings, new seeing-meanings of characters in Chu bamboo slips can be divided into new-seeing original meanings, new-seeing extended meanings, new-seeing Jiajie meanings and new-seeing Tongjia meanings. The first chapter collected, analyzed and concluded the part of views on the Chinese characters in Chu bamboo slips which have different interpretations. The purpose is to form a more solid foundation for to systematically clear up the new seeing-meanings of characters in Chu bamboo slips. According the order of the study materials of Guodian Chu Tomb Bamboo Slips and Chu Bamboo Slips at Shanghai Museum (1)-(6) to clear up and analyze. The procedure as follows:first, list the meaning of certain characters which we approved; second, list the sentence which the characters existed, following list all kinds of interpretations on the characters, and finally expound our views which we endorsed or advocated by the form of note.The second chapter sorted out the new-seeing original meanings and the new-seeing extended meanings of Chinese characters, which was divided into two sections. Sectionâ… sorted out the new-seeing original meanings. By sorted out, Chu bamboo slips have 10 new appeared original meanings and 30 Zhun new appeared original meanings of heritage-characters; have 60 new appeared original meanings and 176 Zhun new appeared original meanings of new appeared characters. Sectionâ…¡sorted out the new-seeing extended meanings. By sorted out, Chu bamboo slips have 400 new appeared extended meanings,30 Zhun new appeared extended meanings and 36 special-seeing extended meanings of heritage-characters; have 164 new appeared extended meanings,155 Zhun new appeared extended meanings and 12 special-seeing extended meanings of new appeared characters.The third chapter sorts out the new-seeing Jiajie meanings and the new-seeing Tongjia meanings of Chinese characters, which was divided into two sections. Sectionâ… sorted out the new-seeing Jajie meanings. By sorted out, Chu bamboo slips have 110 new appeared Jiajie meanings,199 Zhun new appeared Jiajie meanings and 7 special- seeing Jiajie meanings of heritage-characters; have 17 new appeared Jiajie meanings and 17 Zhun new appeared Jiajie meanings of new appeared characters; have 1 Jiajie meanings of special-seeing characters. Sectionâ…¡sorted out the new-seeing Tongjia meanings. By sorted out, Chu bamboo slips have 211 new appeared Tongjia meanings and 7 Zhun new appeared Tongjia meanings, which the relations of Tongjia are inherited, have 373 new appeared Tongjia meanings,114 new appeared Tongjia meanings and 492 special-seeing Tongjia meanings of heritage-characters; have 223 new appeared Tongjia meanings,24 Zhun new appeared Tongjia meanings and 459 special-seeing Tongjia meanings of new appeared characters; have 117 Tongjia meanings of special-seeing characters. Based on statistic analysis of data, Chapter IV explained the significance of new-seeing meanings of characters in Chu bamboo slips on the history about the evolution of Chinese characters, is divided into four sections. Sectionâ… , through the quantitative count, proved that the new-seeing meanings occupied the main position in the system of meanings of characters in Chu bamboo slips, which demonstrates in the Warring States era, with the usage of Chinese characters from the practical to aesthetic and preaching, and the rise of "the ancient book" which wrote by individual, they or "get to the bottom of things" in ideology, or "adding more color" in literary grace, written language has gone into a period which rapid develop. Sectionâ…¡, through quantitative counted, pointed out the frequency of the usage of new-seeing meanings is very low, and mainly belongs to the heritage-characters, revealed a fact which the phenomenon reflected, that is the evolution of Chinese characters has strong internal stability. Sectionâ…¢quantitative counted the difference among new appeared meanings, Zhun new appeared meanings and special-seeing meanings, based on the phenomenon that Zhun new appeared meanings occupied a high share in new-seeing meanings, put forward a logical judge, what the fidelity of the usage of Chinese characters in extant literatures is limited. Sectionâ…£quantitative counted the difference among the new-seeing original meaning, the new-seeing extended meanings, the new-seeing Jiajie meanings and the new-seeing Tongjia meanings. From the usage found the evolution trends of them:though the original meanings could been handed down, but they usage is limited; the usage and the spread of the extended meanings is relatively stable; Jiajie meanings became the common meanings of characters; only following the normalization of characters, Tongjia meanings gradually decline.Discussion of surplus is the specially study on new-seeing Tongjia, is divided into three sections. Sectionsâ… , quantitative discussed the status of Tongjia characters in Chu bamboo slips. In 31,071 characters of Chu bamboo slips, the Tongjia characters are 7859, which accounting for 25.3%. Signified average every 4 characters, there have 1 Tongjia characters. The number of Tongjia characters in Chu bamboo slips is not nearly in bamboo slips and silk book of Qin and Han dynasty, but it was far more than Oracle, Bronze. Sectionâ…¡discussed the existential situation and characteristic of original characters in new-seeing Tongjia. There are four types of the existential situation about the original characters in new-seeing Tongjia:(1) existed in literatures which before Chu bamboo slips and Chu bamboo slips;(2) existed in literatures which before Chu bamboo slips but not Chu bamboo slips;(3) existed in Chu bamboo slips but not literatures which before Chu bamboo slips;(4) Didn't exist in literatures which before Chu bamboo slips and Chu bamboo slips. From the existential situation of the original characters, we could found that there are vast Tongjia in Chu bamboo slips, that is a temporary means for to make up the regret because of not yet produced certain original characters to express some meanings, which displayed the usage of characters in Chu bamboo slips is not normative. Sectionâ…¢discussed the relationship between borrowed characters and original characters from the three aspects of pronunciation, composition and parallelism of number. Through the quantitative counted, we could found borrowed characters and original characters were required more same or similar in initial and Final, and on the whole, its required more same or similar in Final than initial between borrowed characters and original characters. There are certain relations between borrowed characters and original characters in composition, however, if there is certain relevance between borrowed characters and original characters in composition, it is not contact with the original characters has existed or later appeared. The trend is single that most of Tongjia characters been borrowed to signified others characters, and less active; only a small number of characters process several roles, and more active. Meanwhile, the trend is single that most of the characters to borrow others characters to signify, and less active; only a small number of characters may to borrow several characters to signify, and more active.