The Three-dimensional Orientation Of Marx's Philosophy Revolution

We are now engaged in the great cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. The success of this undertaking needs the guidance of Marxist correct world outlook and methodology. Therefore, understanding Marxist philosophy, which is the view of the world Marx and Engels's correctly is of great practical significance.Marxist philosophy is the greatest idea change in human history, and Marx achieves an unprecedented revolution in the history of philosophy. To grasp the essence of Marxist philosophy, it is necessary for us to go in-depth study of the substance of philosophy change Marx achieved in the history of philosophy.Marx's philosophical revolution took place in three to four decades on behalf of the 19th century, and has gone through a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. Marx and Engels are not inherently Marxist, and they also had "Former philosophical beliefs" period, and then through the liquidation of the previous philosophical beliefs, ideological transformation occurs, then they establish a new world outlook of Marxism, and later people called this new view of the world Marxist philosophy.Marx's "Former philosophical beliefs" consists of three phases. The first stage is the "idealism", the performance of Marx's belief in Kant and Fichte philosophy. In the stage of idealism, Marx once used "the current is the achievement of due" principle to construct the philosophy and law system. The second stage is the "Young Hegelian", showing Marx's faith in the philosophy of Hegel. In the "Young Hegelian" stage, Marx once use "the essence of things is the concept" principle to understand the nature and move of country, law, philosophy, freedom and marriage. The third stage is "Feuerbach school", showing Marx's faith in the philosophy of Feuerbach. In this stage, Marx once used "man is man's highest nature" to understand people's liberation, the alienation of labor, the essence of private ownership and the rationality and necessity of communism. In the spring of 1845, Marx's ideas achieved a fundamental change, through the criticism of "all previous materialism" represented by Feuerbach, and he created a "new materialism" view of the world. "The outline with regard to Feuerbach" is the first genius file of the new materialist world view. Manifesto is the sign of the new world outlook of Marxism's coming out.People have different understanding of the substance of Marxist philosophy change.From a value orientation, there are two different views. Some people think that Marxist philosophy is a proletarian world outlook, which services the fundamental interests of the proletariat. Some other think that Marxist philosophy is a humanitarian, whose fundamental value orientation is to service "people", and make people revert to its "class nature."Speaking from a philosophical view, it is generally considered that Marxism has philosophy. Speaking from the concept of requirements, the "philosophy" is the view of the world theory. However, from the actual understanding, people still understand Marxist philosophy as the highest wisdom and the supreme principle which can solve practical problems. It was also suggested that, in the original sense of "philosophy", which is the highest wisdom and the highest according theory to solve the practical problems, Marxism does not have philosophy. However, in the "world view theory" sense, Marxism has philosophy, but we must uphold the meaning of Marxist philosophy's world outlook and methodology, and we cannot treat Marxist philosophy as the highest principle and basis to solve practical problems and the specific scientific issues.In the theoretical form, there are diverse understandings of Marxist philosophy. Some people think that Marx's fundamental change on philosophy morphology beyond the opposition of Materialism and idealism, and then create the "practical philosophy". Most people recognize that Marx's philosophy is "new materialism". With regard to the essence of Marx's "new materialism", there are many ways of understanding, such as "dialectical materialism" or "dialectical materialism and historical materialism", narrow "historical materialism", and a variety of "practice materialism "."Practical materialism" is not a uniform understanding. Under the common features which emphasis on the importance of "practice", there are three kinds of "practical materialism", such as the "practical materialism" which hold the view of "practice is the base and intermediary", the "practical materialism" which hold the view of "practical ontology", and the "practical materialism" which understands sensitivity as practice.We must adopt a correct attitude for the diversity of understanding of Marx's philosophical revolution. We cannot oppose the diverse understanding of Marxist philosophy, and we also cannot worship the diverse understanding of Marxist philosophy. The diverse situation of Marxist philosophy understanding is normal. As long as we understand, there will be different interpretations. Not only the understanding will be different with the original meaning or the author's ideas, but also that people's understanding will be different. The diversity of understanding is conducive to promote the understanding movement, and each understanding offers a unique vision. It not only opens up the meaning of the text, but also obscured the meaning of the text. Through the discussion and argument by different understandings, the vision of understanding will be expanded. Worshiping the diversity of understanding is absolute the relativity history, change and difference of understanding, and the understanding which denies relativity contains the composition of absolutely. Marxism itself is monism. The right understanding of Marxism is also the pursuit of a correct understanding of Marxism. Understanding is neither absolutely correct, nor absolutely erroneous, and there exists commonality and unity among different understandings.The change Marx achieved in the history of philosophy was carried out in three dimensions. The first is the dimension of value, which solves the question that what kind of people of Marxist philosophy service for. The second is the dimension of philosophy, which address the relationship between Marxism and philosophy and solve basic scientific research stand. The third dimension is the world view, which solves questions regarding the relation between Marxist philosophy and other philosophy.In the dimension of value, the essence of Marx's philosophical revolution is the creation of the world outlook which services for the proletarian. Marxist philosophy is the proletarian world outlook, which service for the fundamental interests of the proletariat, the ultimate elimination of private ownership and the liberation of the proletariat. Marxism, firmly opposed the humanitarian values, which services for the "people", and for the realization of people's "class nature" . Marx and Engels criticized thoroughly the "real socialism" and "love socialism" which beyond the illusion of class antagonismIn the dimension of philosophy, the essence of Marx's philosophical revolution is "to leave the philosophical base", and then transfer to the "Empirical science" research position. Marx and Engels opposed to view philosophy as "the highest wisdom" or "science of science", opposed to solve various practical problems from a philosophical point. When Marx and Engels established Marxism, they opposed philosophy, and they no longer called their world theory as "philosophy". The essence that Marx and Engels rejected the "philosophy", is not simply negate a term, but mark a fundamental change in the position of scientific research, which is that all scientific research (including the study of world view) cannot from any principle, but from reality, and propose theory based on the actual existence and scientific research, then test and develop theories according to the development of practice. This science is empirical science. Later, people restored the term of "philosophy", and defined the "philosophy" as "the world view theory". In the meaning of the world view, Marxism has philosophy, and this does not contradict with Marx and Engels'view. However, we should prevent the tendency to back to the old philosophical position, which regards philosophy as the highest wisdom and the maximum foundation to resolve practical problems.In the dimension of world view, the essence of Marx's philosophical revolution is to create a "new materialism". This new materialism is practical materialism, or the broad historical materialism.Marxist philosophy is the antithesis of all the idealism materialism worldview. In the period of "Former philosophical beliefs", Marx had idealist world view, and the fantasy to beyond the opposition between materialist and idealist. But after the achieving of Marx's philosophy change, Marx firmly and completely abandoned the idealist world view, also resolutely and thoroughly abandoned beyond the fantasy to beyond the opposition between materialism and idealism, then resolutely and thoroughly pointed to the position of materialism, and regarded materialism as "the only scientific method".Marxist philosophy is the new materialism which is distinguished from the old materialism. The fundamental weakness of the old materialism is to sense the real object of consciousness as natural existence, and failure to recognize practice as true object and base of people's consciousness. Marx changed the understanding of the real object of consciousness, and regarded them as person's perceptual activity and practice. Marx's new materialism is "the materialism to understand sensitivity as practical activities", and "the materialism from the material and practical things to explain the concept". Practice is the fundamental starting point of the Marxist philosophy. Named from its starting point, we can call Marx's new materialism philosophy as "practical materialism". As the practice is people's social existence and historical exists, so from practice to explain the concept means that explain people's consciousness from the existence of the people, social existence and historical existence. Therefore, the practical materialism can be called historical materialism. This historical materialism is broad, and cannot simply be understood as the materialist conception of history which excludes the general view of the world (ontology).Practical materialism is of course dialectical materialism, not metaphysical materialism. However, Marx's philosophical revolution cannot be understood as the combination and unity of materialism and dialectics. Dialectical materialism existed before Marx, and it is not Marx's creation.Practical materialism is not narrow historical materialism, if we do not deny the material ontology, we cannot simply regard practical materialism as a form of social history. The "ontology" of practical materialism is not "practice ontology" but "substance ontology".