A Study On Word Order Of Adverbials In Mondern Madarin Chinese

This paper attempts to make a systematical study on the word order of Chinese adverbials. It consists of 8 chapters as follows:The first chapter focuses on the significance and current situation of Studying of word order in modern Chinese adverbial, and proposed research program of this article. Also pointed out the shortcomings of the existing research is that: (A) The studies of adverbial word order as a whole seems more sporadic.(B)Lack a systematic and fundamental understanding of the the nature and function of adverbial. So far, no scholar has done specialized exposition on it.(C) The classification of the adverbial are either-or and tabbed so that an adverbial in the different language environment can't reflect the different semantic characteristics and usage, and thus directly affect its location. (D) Lack of holistic and hierarchical understanding of adverbial word order. (E)The sequence in which a lot of word order phenomena can not be reflected is still incomplete in details, especially co-occurrence word orders of ubclass within similar adverbial.The second chapter focuses on the nature and scope of Chinese adverbial. Adverbial is not only a phrase component but also a sentence element. The syntactic function of adverbial shown in that it is a kind of demotion predication, and it is an important quasi-predication component immediately after the predicate and the complement. The nature of adverbial is manifested in reflecting the manner and state of action.Chapter III focuses on adverbial's semantic types and sequence. Summary semantic features according to the relationship and generic. According to the semantic affinities between adverbial and central verb, is divided adverbials before the verb into four levels with ic analysis: the 1st level is external-adverbial and internal-adverbial; the second level is affirmative-adverbial and descriptive-adverbial; the third level is aspect-adverbial and dynamic-adverbial; the fourth level is manner-adverbial and characteristic-adverbial.Chapter IV focuses on the word order and position of the external-adverbial and nternal-adverbial. The internal order of the external-adverbial generally asfollows: [+relative]1>[+aboutness]>[+evaluation]1>[+environment＞[+time] 1>[+location]. The internal order of the affirmative-adverbials is:[+relative]2> [+evaluation]2> [+time]2/[+scope]2>[+intensifier]>[+negative]>[+repetive]. At the same time, through a large number of statistics, we study the locating and non-locating of the parenthesis,mood adverbial and time adverbial.Chapter V focuses on the word order and position of the manner-adverbial. Manner adverbials are normally used in conjunction to follow the following rules: [+comparison]>[+tools] / [+materials]> [+description]＞[+synergy]> [+location] >[+object]＞[+description].We Investigated [+description] adverbial's word order used in conjunction; the impact of "ba"phrase on related words sequence;Chapter VI focuses on the classes and word order of characteristic-adverbial. Characteristic-adverbial is with adhesivity and centrality, and mainly has four categories:the manner word, specific nouns, numeral "1" and monosyllabic adjectives. The current word order of characteristic-adverbial is as follows:manner word> specific noun> monosyllabic adjective / numeral "one."Chapter VII focuses on adverbial word order and topicalization. Preposition is topic marker and the marked topics are dominant- topic,background-topic and time-place-topic. There are differences of ability of topicalization for different object of preposition. Syllables, syntactic structure, semantics, pragmatics are all factors that affect the topicalization of preposition. The structures of "N时的NP" located at the beginning of the sentence means a modifier-noun phrase, which is caused by the syntactically re-construction between topicalizationed time adverbial modifier and subject NP.Chapter VIII focuses on the word order of Chinese adverbials and its associated interpretation. Predominant word order of multi- adverbial is:[+relative]1＞[+aboutness]>[+evaluation]1＞[+environment]>[+time]>[+location]> [+relative]2>[+evaluation]2>[+time]2/[+scope]2>[+intensifier]>[+negative]>[+repetive ]> [+comparison]>[+tools] / [+materials]＞[+description]>[+synergy]> [+location] >[+object]＞[+description]: The word order of chinese adverbials is mainly governed by five principles :closen to the semantic, scope, temporal sequence, discourse, incremental. There are general, special and accidental phenomenas in adverbials word order.To sum up, this paper has mainly done the following researches:fix the attribute of the adverbial; summary the adverbial's semantic feature; divide adverbials word order into different levels; discussed the internal word order of all levels adverbial; study the functions, semantic features, semantic relations and distribution of various sub-categories of adverbial, including the discussion of specific sentence; an elaborate research into topicalization of adverbial, summary the topics types, study the effect factors; explain the adverbial word order of modern chinese from the cognitive perspective.