A Study On Prominent Families And Their Poetry Of Jinan From Late Ming Dynasty To Early Qing Dynasty

From the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty of Chinese poetry, the Shandong poetry played an important role, especially for the Shandong poetry in the early Qing Dynasty that known as "Shandong poetry, the best in the world". Its poetry had made universally acknowledged achievements and became another magnificent landscape in the development of Qilu's cultural.history. In the glorious history of this spectacular stage, the prominent families and descendants of the Jinan of Ming and Qing Dynasties played an irreplaceable role.This article aimed to expand the research depth of Jinan's poetry from a family point of view during Ming and Qing Dynasties, summarizing the prominent families'cultural characteristics of that period, depicting the psychological impact to the poets by the time, revealing the poets'creative nourishment and vitality that given by Qilu's geographical culture and the prominent families, then made clear the causes of Shandong Poetry's prosperity and study the four prominent families'poetry to enrich and deepen the poetry of Shandong in Ming and Qing Dynasties and even the poetry of that period.This article discussed in three parts as follows: the Sub-introduction, the Part, the Next.The Sub-Introduction briefly introduced the characteristics and phenomenon of family in Chinese culture, defining the " From the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty " and "Jinan", explaining the word "prominent families" , pointing out the florescence of Jinan poetry and the current studies of them, making clear the research methods of " Family Literature Studies", and then indicated the consequence of this article topics, its innovations and so on.The first part included the first, second and third chapters. It is the general part of the whole text. The first chapter mainly analysised the survival background of Jinan's prominent families in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Jinan is a famous cultural city of northern China. The Xincheng and Zichuan region that centered by Licheng and other places of west of Shandong along the Grand Canal became a gathering place of prominent families as the development of its economic and cultur. At that time, in order to protect their family interests, the prominent families of Jinan accepted the Qing regime, and expressed their sorrow for the country and their Life by the mentality of"alienation". Chapter II mainly summarized the cultural identity of the Ming and Qing's prominent families in Jinan. It has the charecters of valuing education, paying attention to the imperial examinations, emphasising on education after filling an office and some other aspect. The families that succeed in the governmentls'examinations generation after generation and then they easily had a family culture and a "mini environment" that favor to poetry writing and promote the poetry's prosperity.Influenced by the Qilu culture of the personality of a gentleman, official career youth often pursued the official results of "innovation ", at the same time they often trapped in a difficult official board because of their independent character. The prominent families'marriage relationship often kept between the same family conditions as themselves. At the other side, the friendship made in the imperial examinations and the gathering associations formed a interpersonal network among the prominent families of Jinan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The female of Jinan prominent families are often wise, tough and full of poetry. they played an important role for their families'prosperity and the formation of the cultural environment.Chapter III gives an overview of the poetry of the Jinan prominent families in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. At that time, school of logicians appeared, and gave birth to the Shenyun poetry that dominated the whole country. The emergence of many prominent families with cultural poetry traditions became the three major signs of Jinan poetry's prosperity. It also went through the poetry advocaticon's change from the promotion of the "Qi feng" and "Heroes Poems" to the "Shenyun ". Loved and sang songs for Jinan had become an important part of the poetry creation of the youth in the prominent families. "Jinan" had become a life emotion that deeply integrated into their lives.The Next part included the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and the ninth chapters. It is the single case study that mainly focused on the family culture and family poetry creation of the most outstanding achievements in the Ming and Qing Dynasties such as the Wang of the Xincheng, the Tian of Dezhou, the Lu of Dezhou and the Zhu of the Li City. The Wang of the Xincheng is a famous prominent family in the country that buoys up after destroyed by the war during the dynasty replacement. The pursued of "diligence"and "prudent""of its family traditions had a profound impact on the style of the family through the poets'emotion. Wang Xiangchun advocated the Buddhist Poems and Heroes Poems. He was the lead of Shanzuo poetry that promoted Qifeng and Ya in the late Ming Dynasty . Wang Shizhen in the early Qing Dynasty took charge for five years of the poetry. He advocated the charmming fashion of flash and veiled. His Shenyun poetry is known as the "Shengshiyuanyin" (Chapter IV).The difficult situation happened to the Wang family of the New City in the late Ming Dynasty and the Qing dynasty always made Wang Shizhen's mind maintained a certain distance with the reality. This situation became a psychological basis of Wang Shizhen's Shenyun poems. Wang Shizhen's granduncle Wang Xiangchun and his brother Wang Shilu's poetry creation and aesthetic tendencies produced a directional effect on Wang Shizhen's poetry style of"flash and veiled". His Shenyun poetry was then marked by deep family imprint.The reason that Wang Shizhen became a generation of authentic" and managed the poetry during forty years was the poetry's own development and the choice of history and the era. The poem of "Three Changes" was a self-selection of his own initiative to leave the dynasty culture and followed the political trends,then opened a new era of Qing poetry. The Heroes Poems of of Wang Xiangchun expressed a spirital appearance of "non-Confucian and non-Confucian", then formed a self-image of Wuao xiongsi,Qiju beige and reached a state of "independence as one" to issued a new sound of the late Ming's poetry. Wang Shilu's poetry had a style of natural, fresh, forceful and majestic(chapter V).The Tian family is a imperial culture family. Influenced by the local culture,the family culture have a feature of richness and compatibility. The Tian family of Dezhou that composed of the Zhang family, Tianwen, Tianxu, Tianmai and Tiantong was a most important part of Jinan poetry. It had tremendous impact on the early Qing Dynasty (Chapter VI).Tianwen's poems advocated to absorb the others'good points, while against to divide the poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasty. At the time the style of Shenyun poetry dominated the world, Tianwen's poem pursuited the strange beautiful and try his best to gave out new things, then reflected a strong self-awareness. His Landscape Poetry that describe Guizhou and a lot of the poems of viewing drama,was unique in the Qing Dynasty's poetry. During his life Tianwen kept harmonious relationship with Wang Shizhen and reached a harmonious state. Tianwen's high status in of his later years could be compared with Wang Shizhen's.In Zhang's 30 quatrains of , the topics of historical facts, scene description, parting, chanting, painting, memorial and other topics gave achievement of extensing women's poetry. Her peoms are meaningful, solemn ,elegance, fresh and implicit. Tianmai is an important member of Jinan poetry. The most outstanding part was his poems about Chrysanthemum and the traveling poetry about the Grand Canal. His artistic style of diluted, natural and fresh was advocated by Wang Shizhen.(Chapter VII).The Lu was a famous prominent families of Dezhou, and it was also an important poetry family of the Jinan. Lu Shique always worried about current affairs and advocated the poems of Dufu. He was an expert of Dufu's poems. Lu Shique's poems had desolate style, and represented the side of steady and guileless of the Shanzuo poetry in the early Qing Dynasty.As a upright official, Lu Daoyue's early poems concerned about the livelihood and had a style of New yue fu. Lu Daoyue's poems of his later period was natural and leisure with principles and interests. As a offspring of Lu families, Lu Jianzeng had been the lead of the union of southeast literature for many years. His poetics that express feelings for the center was a major representative from the Ming and Qing dynasties that advocate lyric. His poems interacted with Zhe pai and Xingling pai and had a significance of nexus to the poetry of the early middle period of Qing Dynasty. His poems about the Officials ordinary life were of sincere emotion, and the poetry style was diverse with artistic conception. His compilation had a distinctive sense of reflect history and made contributions to the conservation of ancient documents of Shandong.(Chapter VIII).The Zhu family was an officials aristocratic family in the Li City that transferred from military medals to Culture in the early Qing Dynasty.This family was rich in its cultural connotations and it was deeply affected by The Wang of the New City. The three brothers of Zhuxiang, Zhujiang and Zhugang followed Wang Shizhen's charmming poetry in their whole life. Each one of them had their own features. Zhuxiang kept closely friendship with Pu Songlin. His poems were sincere and refresh. Though he advocated charmming, his poems always fulled of realism. Zhugang's poems were elegant with artistic mood and talent. Zhu Jiang often used the plain words to made fresh thinking and had a new change of the spirit of the poems in the Song Dynasty. By comparing the former recorded information with the heirs information of the newly discovered of, the author concluded that the famous woman of Shandong, Zhao Zhichen's daughter Zhaoci of Boshan married Zhujiang's ninth son Zhu Chongshan in the Zhu family of the Li City. The fact that Zhaoci was the daughter-in-law of Zhujiang made forward the research of Zhaoci's life experience,found the woman poet,and expecting a deep studies about Zhaoci and her poem.( Chapter IX).