"easy" Ceremony "poem" On The Positioning Of Women

Focusing on the three classical works of Confucianism("the book of changes"," the book of odes","the book of rites"),the article tries to study the views on women in Western Zhou Dynasty's ritual system and the Confucianism and the changes of perceptions on women from Western Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty. Full-text consists of five parts.The first part is introduction. This part introduces the the reason and the significance of the thesis describes the contemporary situation of women's history studies and the research of ideas on women,reviews the research status of gender in "the book of changes"," the book of odes" and "the book of rites", also illustrates the research ideas and methods and innovative signifance of this article. This paper argues that women's development has become an international trend in the era of diversification of the world.In order to meet the demands of the times, we must face the reality of social inequality between men and women,explore the laging reasons of women's development from different levels,different fields and different disciplines.From the historical perspective, it is very meaningful and valuable to explore the formation,development and change of traditional views on women.PartⅡ, PartⅢand PartⅣis the main part of the article.The main part uses the original books and the works which explain "the book of changes","the book of odes" and "the book of rites" respectively to analyze the change process of views on women from the three aspects such as male as yin and female as yang, male as superiority and female as inferiority, gentlewomen image. This paper argues that women have a clear change which has a close relationship to the social change since the Warring States and Confucian political ideology from the family to the husband.In the second part "the traditional gender concept which is established in'the book of changes'",the chapter focuses on the relatonship between the concept of qian and kun and gender, also illustrates the ideas on women.In the original books, qian and kun has nothing to do with lowliness and nobleness and sexes. In the "tuan", there is distance between qian(as master) and kun(as salve), but the two complement each other,they are indispensable. In the "xiang",qian and kun are the gentleman's objects to cultivate his moral character. Though the original meaning of qian and kun has nothing to do with sexes, because of the scheduler's gender position, "the book of changes" also reflects the male superiority in Western Zhou era,such as the love and the marriage patten that male dominates over female,the polygamous family patterns in which they emphasize on the father and ignore the mother, and the concept that requires women to stay at home and to preserve chastity during the marriage. In the "wenyan" and "jici", the qian and kun has anything to do with the gender.Qian respects the prince,the husband and the father, while qun respects the minister,the wife and the son.At the same time,qian is noble than kun.As the wide spreading of ideas about yin and yang and the strength of husband's right, respect for men as yang, yin for the humble woman, becomes the keynote of traditional gender concept. The presence of male superiority has become reasonable.In the third part " the gender caste system which is established in 'the book of rites'", the chapter will focus on analyzing the concept of gender hierarchies and women expressed by the " crown ceremony", "marriage ceremony", "mourning ceremony" and" liji·neize". This paper argues that the crown ceremony gives adult male social status, while the hairpin rite is depriving women of their social status in adults; marriage ceremony is the media to build "two names together well",but it is achieved by controlling the female's body and consciousness; mourning system excludes matrilineal kinship, improves the rights of father and husband, belittles the rights of mother and wife; "liji-neize" stresses women's submissiveness to their father-in-law and mother-in-law and gender-identity between husband and wife. Although these rites have shown male superiority, women are not stringently controlled.lt is mainly confined after the permission to marry, whose purpose is to ensure the purity of blood of their husbands'families. In Liji which was wirtten in the Warring States to Qin and Han Dynasty, views on women and the ritual is very different from the pre-Qin times:yin submissiveness to yang, male dominance over female, to preserve chastity after the death of her husband and to be faithful to her husband onto death become the subjects of marriage, women's mourning principle-three subordinations-become women's moral rules, obeying to her husband is emphasized on in Han Dynasty.To a woman,looking after and obeying her father-in-law and mather-in-law is replced by looking after and obeying her husband. Husband's right exceeds the the right of the family.In the forth part "views on women in 'the book of odes'",the chapter will focus on analyzing the changs of the gentlewoman from the original "the book of odes" to the "Mao Zhuan Zheng Jian",to analyze the ideas on women in the times that " the book of odes'was written.This paper argues that in the original "the book of odes", the lady is a gentlewoman of great virtue:she has a reserved manner but is also gentle, obeys the rule,is proficient in works, at the same time, she is genial and lively. Because of the needs of the patriarchal society, people not only hope lady look beautiful, hard-working and capable, but also expect them to be fit,tall and prolific. However, in the "Mao Zhuan Zheng Jian", the lady's image has undergone great changes:from the gentle and lovely girl to the modest empress of great virtue. They need not be very pretty but must have high moral.They are not only holding the ceremony strictly but also faithful and constant to her husband,tolerance and does not envy, wholeheartedly think and dedicate to her husband, mental and ideas completely hinges on the husband's body, the image becomes stiff and lacks in personality.The last part is a summary. Firstly, it not noly summarizes the changes of ideas on women from Western Zhou Dynasty to Han Dynasty through the original "the book of changes", "the book of odes"and "the book of rites", but also points out the differences between them. Secondly,the article analyzes the two basic reasons which result changes in views on women from changes in social structure and the evolution of the mainstream ideology. Finally, for the traditional ideas on women which is still prevalent and is not conducive to women in the real world, this article points out that to change the traditional way of thinking,to change the single-sex (male) standard in the culture system is the effective way to promote the harmonious development of society and to achieve gender equality.