| The "Yan'an Yangge drama", which discussed in this paper, originated from the border area of Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia province, and appeared at the latter part of Sino-Japanese War (1942-1945) in which is called "new Yangge drama." In the expression forms and styles, Yan'an Yangge drama is similar to "small field Yangge" in the folk Yangge type and the northern Shanxi folk "Yangge Drama", while the dances of Yangge come from the civil Yangge and their music mainly stem from MEIHU, which is one type of Shanxi dramas. The Yangge rejects the"show love"which derives from fork Yangge, and tries to reflect the reality of the Shanxi-Gansu–Ningxia struggle; In addition, the fork Yangge is reformed in the performing styles, character modeling, clothing props and stage setting etc. In short, the Yan'an Yangge drama grows out of the "old Yangge", but also different from the civil Yangge in many aspects, fully reflects the "In the Yan'an Forum on Literature speech" (hereinafter "speech") spirit.The beginning and development of Yan'an Yangge movement has a complicated historical context, which is not only the exploration results of "nationalization", "popular" on literature and art movement in Yan'an Anti-Japanese War, but also closely linked the 1942 Yan'an "rectification" campaign and the subsequent "speech". Before the speech, Yan'an theater had demonstrated the exploration of the "nationalization", "popular" to adapt to war conditions, however, the theatrical movement in Yan'an departed from the "nationalization", "popular" road, and appeared the "speech drama" and "behind closed doors" in the end of 1939. The rise of Yan'an Yangge drama, no doubt benefited from the tendency rectification of "speech drama" and "behind closed doors". However, the "speech drama" and "behind closed doors" provided a "negative" teaching example for the Yangge drama, as well as technical reserves for the emergence of the Yangge drama. More importantly, the exploitation of folk literature such as old Yangge had accumulated valuable experience for Yan'an artists. In May 1942, Mao Zedong published the "speech" in the "rectification", the discourse of "nationalization", "popular" once again became a center of literature and art in Yan'an, and writers and artists went out of the "Little Lu Yi" but into the "Big Lu Yi". As a characteristic of "revolutionary political content", "nationalization", "popular", Yan'an Yangge drama was the important achievements of "rectification" campaign, and provided a footnote for the "speech" implied in the revolutionary literature and art theory. The later Sino-Japanese War from 1943 to 1945, and from "Yangge the countryside" to "countryside Yangge", Yan'an Yangge Drama developed rapidly, which not only resulted in hundreds of productions, but had been greatly improved in two years. The performances had greatly innovation, and the level of the art had also been greatly improved. As a representative work "Guan Fei Zhouzi Shan", Yangge drama had shown closer to the new opera, and paved the way for the generation of the "new opera" "White-Haired Girl". In a word, the time of the pre-war years 1937-1942 could be seen as a preparatory period. While from time of the "speech" to the time of the appearance "brothers and sisters wasteland", it could be seen as a starting period of Yan'an Yangge drama. From the summer of 1943 to the Victory of 1945 was Yan'an Yangge drama's development period.Althrough Yan'an Yangge is a comprehensive arts of the integration of drama, music and dance, but its creation is based on playwright-driven. Yan'an Yangge is not only like opera music with a complete structure and in accordance with established principles, but also different from the MEIHU and Yangge Opera, etc., which shows a program of opera music. In most plays, music is just only a connection of the lack of relevance of the aria, which means that the majority of plays only have a complete repertoire of dramatic structure, while there is not a complete musical structure. Yan'an Yangge drama music mostly come from the tune of as well as MEIHU Extras, drama, northern Shanxi Yangge drama and northern Shanxi folk songs, which inherited the traditions of Chinese music Selections "Lyric", but there is no lack of "adaptation", "arranger" components. Overall, Yan'an Yangge music reflects the following characteristics: First, it has a single voice-based, to vocal-based music composition. Yan'an Yangge music is mainly to play a single solo voices and rarely choruses, as well as mainly to play arias vocal music, but rarely instrumental music and independent segment. Second, there is the creation model of "selections lyrics" and "more than one use". Yan'an Yangge mainly stems from the existing tone opera music (mainly MEIHU Tune), where the creator fills with various operas according to the need of artistic expression, and verifies its tune accordingly. Third, there is mainly the music style of northern Shaanxi folk music. The music of Yan'an Yangge shows the "bitter tone" requisition-type scale, "pure four-degree" as the backbone interval of "interval framework", and the foundation of Tune's "pitch mode", on the whole with a full-bodied regional style. Although the majority of the plays do not exist a musical structure of a plot development and dramatic conflict going, they doesn`t mean the music completely detaches the opera. Emotional changes and individuals characters are taken into account in the choice of the Most of the arias tone, such as the choice of MEIHU , which is consistent with its established prescriptive. While a few of overall musical repertoire designs are consistent with the plot developments and conflicts as well.Yan'an Yangge drama not only has the revolution and the region cultural characteristic, but also still has the literate cultural characteristic based on the intellectual community in Yan'an, which embodies the diversity of the culture. As a "standing up Yangge", "struggling Yangge", "Victory Yangge", Yan'an Yangge drama has "the political contents of revolution", with "praising the people, praising the labor, extolling the revolutionary war. To the theme of the soldiers and civilians solidifying, struggling against the enemy, organizing labor force, transforming lounge lizard, increasing production, getting rid of superstition, promoting hygiene etc.", which shows the realistic conflict of the Shanxi-Gansu side area. But more importantly, Yan'an Yangge drama inherits and develops the "nationalization" and "popular" revolutionary literature and art traditions after the May 4th Movement, embodies that kind of taking "revolution" and its political purpose as the ultimate goal of "practical rationality". The region special feature is the most important impression of the Yan'an Yangge drama. This is undoubtedly due to its "nationalization" and "popular" pursuit. The region cultural characteristic of Yan'an Yangge drama can be summarized into two categories:"Original" and "Carnival". The so-called "Original" is "original ecology" of the language formality in Yan'an Yangge drama's music style, character modeling, performing mode, song lyrics, and dialogue still remains a genuine folk art of northern Shanxi; so-called "Carnival" is the "comedy" on the spirit ethos, laying in the expression of the unique folk art that witty and humorous. Yan'an Yangge drama, while a kind of "peasant culture", but, after all, the outcome of the interaction and dialogue with the literati in Yan'an and the northern Shanxi folk, so is not losing humanities cultural characteristic. As its humanities spice doesn't obscure its region color, its region color does not obscure its humanities spice, either. This is the kind of literati cultural characteristics inherent in its manifestations in the "law" and the "discipline" of the folk Yangge "Carnival". But the manifestation of its humanities cultural characteristics is also based on a "revolution" literary theory. As its region cultural characteristic and revolution cultural characteristic maintain the same coupling interaction, its humanities cultural characteristic and revolution cultural characteristic also have relevance. In the exactly mutual interrelation and interference of the three things: "revolution", "folk" and "intellectual", Yan'an Yangge drama acquires the survival space and language territory. Yan'an Yangge drama embodies typical revolution cultural characteristic, forceful region cultural characteristic, also exudes a faint atmosphere of intellectuals.Yan'an Yangge drama is the art of song and dance produced in the 1940s in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, which is a complex cultural phenomenon in 20th century. As the starting point and ultimate aim, its emergence and development are based on the needs of the Chinese revolution and the reality of the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Sino-Japanese War struggle, , and have all obeyed the extremes of revolution, and are all subject to the ultimate nature of the war. Therefore, as a form of political propaganda and education to meet the needs of reality struggle, Yan'an Yangge drama reflects the Post-period of Anti-Japanese War struggle life in the Shanxi -Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. Even, the Yangge movement itself is part of the Shanxi -Gansu-Ningxia border region reality struggle, because its occurrence and development is undoubtedly also an opportunity to the cultural struggle of Yan'an. If you say "country Yangge" is trying to make folk Yangge "transform" into a new peasant art, a kind of "performance of the new era of the masses", while "Yangge to the countryside" is designed to make it to be a different from the "left-wing" literature and art, the real revolutionary literature and art, and making it became the melting pot " transform " the intellectuals. By no means, its political orientation is limited to its e political orientation of ideological theme, but also for the "transform" to the farmers art to the intellectuals and intellectual art in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region. Yan'an Yangge movement is set off after the "speech" published in 1942, therefore, basically speaking, Yangge drama is an important result of "rectification" campaign, which formation and development is closely related to the " ShanGan" of "rectification" campaign. This means that intellectuals"transformed"Yangge drama yet the Yangge drama "transform" intellectuals. As an important cultural phenomenon of China in the 20th century, Yan'an Yangge drama has a positive impact on the development of China music. But more importantly, Yan'an Yangge drama is the first real "model" 20th century Chinese revolution literary, because it is the first truly realize the combination of literary theory and practice. Yan'an Yangge drama and the "speech" have an important impact on 20th century literary theory and the practice of China's revolution, which artistic features and aesthetic orientation get a response from a variety forms of Chinese art later.With the aesthetic characteristics of "popular", "nationalization", reflecting the requirements and pointing of the Chinese new-democratic revolution, Yan'an Yangge is a typical form of revolutionary literature and art. Yan'an Yangge drama has a distinct regional color; its music is rich in Shanbei folk music style, and shows a rich diversity of culture. Yan'an Yangge drama is a artistic form produced in specific historical context and is closely linked to Yan'an rectification movement, which reveals the reality struggle of Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region, and has special status in the 20th century Chinese literature, and has an important impact on the development of China's revolutionary literature and art.
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