The Ethnic Policy Of Soviet Russia. Research

During the early days of the nation, China's National Theory and Policy borrowed ideas from the Soviet Union in national management aspects and exercised regional national autonomy considering the nation's distribution when the administrative areas were divided, however, no much attention has been given to the ethnic policies in post -Soviet period. This paper aims to sort out systematically ethnic policies in post -Soviet period and provide reference material for formulating relevant policies in our country.Relevant theory such as constructing of citizens society, multi-culturalism, and cultural identity will be used to analysis the adjustments in handling national problems, current national policy and the existing related laws and regulations in the Russian Federation after the collapse of the Soviet-union. How to solve national problem and how to coordinate the national relationship is the main basis of national policy formulation. This paper will elaborate on ethnic policies in the Russian Federation based on the national problems appeared in different periods and the measures national government coping measures taken by the Russian Federation.After the collapse of the Soviet union, The international status of Soviet union was replaced by the Russian Federation. During the 1990s, the Russian Federation government and scholars reflected on the national policy of Soviet union at the same time, and began to explore the suitable management mode. They made the following adjust after repeatedly discussed:they will continue to exercise regional national autonomy; cancel national self-determination existing the Soviet period, implement national cultural autonomy policy; protect the rights of indigenous small nation and resolutely boycott the behavior of extreme nationalism.The early days of the Tsar, laissez-faire approach was used in conquered area. By 1863 the Tsar changed management strategy and Implemented brutal authoritarian regime. Along with the national consciousness of various nationalities increasingly awakening, more and more people stood up against the dictatorship of the Tsar. Under the leadership of the Lenin, the oppressed nations finally got rid of the cruel reign. The early stage of the Soviet union, in order to help the oppressed nations completely achieved liberation, Lenin constructed national theory based on the national equality principle and established the national policy of self-determination, that is, according to ethnic composition and characteristics and determine the boundary of each part and remain free right politically. However, Stalin and following leaders did not comply with the thoughts of Lenin, execute a big Russian nationalism policy and the minorities lack of respect, the state is disparate between Russian ethnic and other ethnic and make the national separatism rising and eventually the Soviet union collapse.After the collapse of the Soviet Union, ethnic separatism trend is not completely uprooted, Yeltsin and Putin lessoned from the western management national ideas and made a major adjustment in the national policy, that is, still retains the ethnic regional autonomy policy of Soviet period, instead, remove the word "autonomy" and highlight the regional character of Russian federation and strive to build federal subject status of equal federalism. At the same time, "the Russian federal national policy program plan" issued in 1996 became the legal basis for national policy. This law has particularly prescribes the principle, basic goals, and tasks of Russian federation national policy and provided security for minorities and small indigenous national rights in Russian Federation.Many nations have no their own autonomous entities among the 142 national and ethnic groups living in Russian Federation. In order to protect the right of domestic scattered minorities, Russian Federation implemented the multicultural policies, i.e. national cultural autonomy policy. Ethnic autonomy right will be given in the realm of culture. The Russian citizens with strong desire to protect national culture can establish spontaneously national cultural autonomy organization. After the establishment of the organization, it must comply with the Russian federal national cultural autonomy law when it holds some activities, of course, they also will get help from local, national or foundation. Nowadays, Russian Federation national cultural autonomy policy has become mature and got each nation's approval, so many national cultural autonomy organizations made significant contributions for the protection and development of national culture.There are 44 native small nations among many ethnic in Russian Federation, there living areas are rich in natural resources but closed in environment and some nations still keep the traditional way of life. In order to meet the needs of the development of itself, many enterprises unsustainably explore the resources of native small ethnic neighborhoods and violated the interests of small nationalities, therefore, the government made relevant regulations about resource conservation in land law and forest law and the protection of indigenous culture was seen as an important aspect of national policy. In recent years, extreme nationalism forces enlargement caused great threat to the stability of the country. "Law against extreme" enacted in 2002 provides a legal basis to boycott extreme nationalism, however, it is not only a departmental task, also need the collaboration of each department to eliminate extreme nationalism.