Geo-political Vision Of Ethnic Issues In Central Asia On China's Ethnic Relations In Xinjiang

Based on the close contact which exists in the geographical environment, social humanities, ethnic and religious, historical culture aspects between Central Asia and Xinjiang,China, from the Geopolitics point of view, with the Marxist national theory and policy related theories, this article analyzed and reorganized the origin, the development and the manifestation of the ethnic issues of Central Asia in the different historical periods, and further analyzed the material effect which produced by the ethnic issues of Central Asia in the different historical periods to the ethnic relations in Xinjiang,China, under the geopolitics environment influence. This article structured into introduction, chapter 1 to chapter V and the conclusion.In the foreword part of the paper, mainly elaborated the domestic and foreign research situation and literature review, the theoretical and practical significance, the study content and methods, and as well as several concepts definition.The first chapter, from the angle of the geopolitical environment, analyzed the relationship between five Central Asian countries and Xinjiang, China, in order to determine the logical starting point for this study. It analyzed the geographical ties, the historical origin and the homologous transnational nationalities between five Central Asian countries and Xinjiang, China, so as to clarify the very complicated relationship between five Central Asian countries and Xinjiang, China, which based on the geographical environment.The second chapter limited the beginning time of the study on the Central Asia's nationality problem to Tsarist Russia, and discussed the main performance of the Central Asia's nationality problem during the Tsarist Russia time and the influence of it on Xinjiang ethnic relations. 1860s～1880s, through aggression and expansion, Tsarist Russia integrated the whole Central Asian region into the Russian empire. The colonial rule of Tsarist Russia and the revolt struggle of the Central Asia people constituted the main content of this period. Along with Tsarist Russia's conquest and occupation of Central Asia, the external environment of Xinjiang who had belonged to Qing Dynasty since the mid-18th century had the tremendous change. While Tsarist Russia oppressed and invaded Central Asia's people, it also gradually stretched its evil claws of aggression to Xinjiang, China. Under Tsarist Russia's brutal colonial rule and aggression, there formed a large number of homologous transnational nationalities between Central Asia and Xinjiang, China. At the same time, the Kokand Khanate which belonged to the Central Asia also carried on the invasion and expansion to Xinjiang, China, from this created the Arab League chaos which brought the bad influence to Xinjiang society.The third chapter elaborated the nationality problem of Central Asia which had been integrated into the Socialist Federal Soviet in the Soviet time, and analyzed the profound influence of the nationality problem of Central Asia on Xinjiang which on the same historical period of the Republic of China and the founding of New China. What can not be denied is that under the guidance of Lenin's national program, "all ethnic groups are completely equal, all ethnic groups enjoy self-determination, workers of all nationalities become one", in Soviet time Central Asia nation had won all-round development in political, economical and cultural aspects, but because of a number of serious mistakes in Communist Party of the Soviet Union's nationality policy, there were certain some negative impact to the Central Asia's ethnic relations caused by those mistakes. Compared with Central Asia's stable and fast development in the Soviet time, at the same time Xinjiang, China had experienced two different historical stages, the chaotic rule by warlords during the Republic of China and the development and change in the latter 30 years of the founding of New China. During the Republic of China time, Xinjiang, "lonely beyond the Great Wall", had received the inflow of large numbers of refugees from Russian Central Asia and the direct impact of "the national self-determination"ideas, the"pan-Islamism" and the "pan-Turkism" thoughts. After new China was founded three decades, with the geopolitical environment in Xinjiang changed from the "friendly backyard" to "anti-revisionism front", the influence from the Soviet Central Asia had the Ideological impact from the 1950s Soviet Central Asia and the dismemberment act which carried by the Soviet Union to Xinjiang after the Sino-Soviet relations burst.The fourth chapter analyzed the ethnic issues of five Central Asia countries after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the influence of those ethnic issues on Xinjiang, China. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, there appeared five independent nation-states in the Central Asia region. Because of the complex ethnic composition, the different religious belief and the complex ethnic relations which had existed since the history, the five Central Asian States which just step on the independent path had no choice but to face the complex ethnic issues: The Central Asia's Russian problem, the border disputes and the cross-border ethnic issues which left over from history, the Islamism revival movement in Central Asian and the emergence of Islam religion extremism ideological trend. During the same period, with the five Central Asian nation's independence and the emergence of a series of ethnic issues, under the function of the geopolitical factors and the role of ethnic and religious, the ethnic issues of Central Asia made the impact which can not be ignored to social stability and the economic development of Xinjiang, and also caused the extensive and far-reaching impact to the long-term peace and stability of Xinjiang:the independence of Central China's nations itself had important demonstration and stimulation function to Xinjiang, China; Under the impact of "the big-nationality chauvinism", the sovereignty of Chinese Xinjiang area was seriously infringed; the Islam revival movement also brought the significant impact to Xinjiang, China. Especially under the influence of the"pan-Islamism" and the "pan-Turkism" thoughts, the thought of dividing the motherland of the "East Turkistan separatists" was activated again.The fifth chapter after "911" event, as an important foundation of the U.S. military to strike the Afghanistan, the Central Asian countries'status in the international strategic chessboard of the United States had been rapidly increasing. After entering the new century and the new stage, with the new change of the international situation and the promotion of the Central Asia's geopolitics strategic position, the ethic issues of five Central Asia countries has presented the new change, including the unoptimistic area safe, constantly intercourse of the "three evil forces" and "the color revolution" which caused by the Western influence meddling the Central Asia Office by using the ethnic issues. In the new century and the new stage, with the new change of the geography strategic position of Central Asia and the new trends of the ethnic issues, meanwhile, the social stability of Xinjiang has also received the enormous impact and influence from Central Asia.The conclusion through summarizing the evolution of ethnic issues of Central Asia and researching the influence of the ethnic issues of Central Asia on Xinjiang, China in different historical periods, on the one hand summarized that we had to objectively and correctly understand the development and the production of the ethnic issues; on the other hand, facing the negative influence and impact, the key is to strengthen ourselves own.