Research On Political Values From The Perspective Of Marxism Theory

The purpose of the thesis is to study theoretical category of political values,and to construct the theoretical system of Marxist political value theory,and to form the idea of political values in line with historical circumstances of contemporary China,and to provide theoretical enlightenment for putting forward and practising socialistic political values with Chinese characteristics in the practice of reform and opening up.Analysing inherent definition,dialectical characteristics,and basic functions of political values is logical starting point of constructing the theoretical system of Marxist political value theory. Under the guidance of Marxism,the thesis points out that inherent definition of political values are composed of three aspects. The three aspects constitute the full connotations of the concept of political values. Political values have many characteristics and attributes,which are the embodiment and the expansion of many connotations of political values. The characteristics and attributes are the dialectical unity between subject criteria and object contents,between particularity and universality,between contradiction and incommensurability,and between solid however and should however. To complete and accurate grasp of political values,the thesis makes a further analysis of its basic functions:the transformation of real political society and the promotion of political development;the rational reflection and value guidance;the summary and construction of theory.The thesis briefly discusses historical evolution of political value thought,and briefly analyzes basic principles of Marxist political value enlightenment and theoretical enlightenment provided by historical evolution of political value thought. It is a piece of necessary preparation work for constructing theoretical system of Marxist political values.After analysing inherent definition and dialectical characteristics of political values,it is necessary to study theoretical questions of generation and origination of political values. Only resolving theoretical questions of generation and origination of political values can we lay a solid theoretical foundation for constructing the theoretical system of Marxist political value theory. Only from the dimension of the Combination of subject dimension and root causes of practice can we reveal the internal basis of political values'generation and internal essence included the connotation of political values. The objective and subjective logic of the generation of political values indicates that political values originate in specific practice,its nature and contents constrained by objective economic life,limited by human nature of political subject,stipulated naturally by political morality,and requiring the dynamic role of the subjective consciousness. From the dimension of practice foundation of political values,the mode of production determines the nature,the contents,and the historical development of political values,and political practice is the direct driving force of the development of political values. From the subject dimension of political values,the existence of human nature is the subject contents of political values,and human essence is the inevitable definement of political values. The moral dimension of political values is composed of moral causes of its emergence,the moral implication of its establishment,and moral evaluation criteria of its existence.The rationality dimension of political values is composed of its rational basis,its rational power,its rational reasoning and its theoretical form.After resolving theoretical questions of generation and origination of political values,studying main categories and approximate kinds of political values,and furtherly clarifying theoretical nodes of Marxist political values system are basic contents of construction of Marxist political value theory. Doctrinal classification of categories and logical level of political values is helpful to completely grasp the full connotations and dialectical characteristics of political values,and to provide theoretical foundation and research route for the realization and the evaluation of political values. According to the relationship between political values and political subject,the thesis divides a wide variety of political values into three categories:motive political values,normative political values,and instrumental political values. Motive political values are the most ultimate causation,motivity and judge criteria in the production,formation and development of political society,and are the most ultimate premise of being human in political society,and are the most ultimate value premise of political society,such political values as human rights,survival,development,interests,happiness,etc. Normative political values are value relations among political subjects,having positive effects on most or even all of political subjects,and are the ideal state of value relations among political subjects,and are value criteria of political society,such political values as political order, political rights, political freedom, political equality, political democracy, and political justice,etc. Instrumental political values are political tools and political forms consistent with motive political values and normative political values,and by which motive political values and normative political values political values can be realized,and also are social controlling mechanism with Legitimacy in political society,such political values as political power,political authority,political state and political system,etc.For the reason that inherent definition,dialectical characteristics,generation grounds and type level of political values, political values have existence forms of subjective,consciousness,should however and subject. That is why theoretical problems of the realization and the evaluation of political values come into being. Political values have existence forms of concepts and consciousness,therefore it is necessary for them to return to political society and political practice. The returning is the process of verifying the correctness and rationality of political value consciousness in the concrete practice. Political values have also objective existence forms and an objective necessity,therefore it is necessary to understand and appraise different impact of objective form and necessity of political values on survival and development of political subjects according to political value concept and political value criteria,thereby promoting political development. To promote the realization of political values,it is necessary to make great efforts from at least three aspects:cultivating an advanced political culture,choosing democratic political system and restricting the political power machine. Political values have factors of irrationality,and more importantly,it has factors of rationality. Political values exist in subjective forms, and also in objective forms. Rationality factors and objective forms of politcal values are the basis of the evaluation of political values. The key of the evaluation of political values lies in appropriate choice of political values criteria. Political subject exists in triple interrelated forms, therefore , political value criteria exists in triple interrelated forms. The key of appropriate choice of political values criteria rests with estimation of the degree of the objective needs and the subject range,depending on the emergence,survival and development of political subjects.In the process of choosing political values criteria to assess political things,triple interrelated forms of political subjects shuld not be seperated,and therefore,triple interrelated forms of political value criteria shuld not be seperated. Whether subjective results of the evaluation of political values is true or false,depends on a practice test.The purpose of studying Marxist political value theory is to form political value words of contemporary chinese marxist,and to provide theoretical enlightenment for political construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the Marxist view,basic definition,realistic generation and achieving methods can not be divorced from era conditions and practical problems provided by social development, otherwise,political values would be fantasy political value ideal which exist in the other world. Political values in contemporary China originate in China's reform and development practice . The process of origination,on the one hand,is the one of value practice inheriting and developing fundamental principles and value concepts of scientific socialism,on the other hand,it is the one of theoretical generalization understanding laws of practice activities,reflecting on real political life and establishing advanced political values in contemporary China's reform and development practice.Subject origination of contemporary China's political values is the overwhelming majority of the people. This is mainly because enjoying subjects,constructing subjects,evaluating subjects of contemporary China's political values are the overwhelming majority of the people,and because the Chinese Communist Party representing the fundamental interests of the Chinese people putted forward advanced political values concepts of contemporary China. People-centered,scientific development and social harmony are the three interconnected total political values of contemporary China. From three aspects of specific contents,path of realization and ultimate destination,the three political values dominate democracy,the rule of law,freedom,human rights, equality, fraternity and justice, and other specific political values. In building socialist political civilization with Chinese characteristics,it is necessary to promote the realization of political values of socialism with Chinese characteristics by cultivating an advanced political culture,establishing and improving specific institutional system, strengthening practising procedures of the system, and highlighting the evaluation of political values.