Evolvement Of Polish Foreign Policies Towards America, The EU And Russia After The Accession To The European Union

This is a research about Polish governments'foreign policies towards the United States, the EU and Russia after the accession to the European Union to reveal the evolution processes of foreign policies in three different periods of Polish governments: Belka, Kaczynski and Tusk whose policies towards America, the EU and Russia. This research analyzes all the factors, influences behind the policies during these three different periods and states the challenges and problems of Polish foreign policy facing currently.The introduction in first chapter not only investigates resources, significances, studying status and methods of this topic but also innovations and shortages. Most existed domestic achievements of Polish foreign policies are focused on the time periods before accession to the EU, contrast with these, gains for accession and especially after that are scarce. In recently years, Poland has been active in internaltional relations: whether in Ukraine's"orange revolution", the paln of American anti-missile defense in Eastern Europe, the EU-Russian energy game, or peacekeeping operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, Polish role could be found. At the same time, there is a triple role (the member states of theEU,the member of NATO, Central and Eastern European Country) acted by Poland, which result in its foreign policies have to attach to the strategies towards the United States, the European Union, Russia. Therefore, this dissertation which involves international relations, history, military science, economics, geography and other subjects, in depth and comprehensive analyzes the changes of Polish foreign policy of towares America, the EU and Russia, factors and problems during different Polish governments'periods. Meanwhile, this dissertation on the inquiry Central and Eastern European countries after the transition and the EU's external relations has practical significances. Polish foreign policy and the problem is not a new issue. In fact, it has been existed for a long time and lastes in some aspects. So the main substance of the second chapter is to acquire a detailed and systematic foreign policies in Polish history by finding out the main contents, adjustments causes before and after, effects, gains and losses, difficulties, from vast complex historical datas, particularly analyzes the Polish historical foreign policies towards Germany in west Russia/Soviet in east. In this chapter, a large number of authority foreign historical materials has been used to restore the true situation of that time, eventually achieve a rational, professional, in-depth perspective.The third chapter, on the basis of historical depth, investigates the policy contents and reasons of Belka government period in the beginning of accession to EU. To Sketch out a"quasi-normalization of the national"image of Poland at that stage: on the one hand, getting close to United States, strengthening their special partnership, striving integrates into Europe, showing its policy of"return to Europe", however, on the other hand, there are many frictions and contradictories with Russia. Some frictions are on the value-based problems, and difficult to reconcile, sucha as human rights, democracy and so on. It shows that foreign policies in this period"quasi-normalization"of the state.The fourth chapter analyzes perfomances of nationalist foreign policies, causes and impacts in period of Kaczynski's government, especially the negative effects on the EU common foreign policy and the Polish-Russian relations. The study uses quantitative analysis to prove the problems of Polish dependence on Russian energy resouces which is becoming gradually deepen. Finally, the chapter concludes on the fact: performances of Polish foreign show"non-normalized"character: too incline to the U.S., Euro-skeptic, a tough attitude against Russia.Since April 2010, the crashing disaster of Polish president's plane made significant impacts on politics and diplomacy of Poland. Therefore, the fifth chapter split the period of Tusk government into two phases: one is from the beginning of Tusk government's period to air crash; the other one is from air crash to now. This dissertation uses economic methods to demonstrates factors of Tusk's government in joining the Euro area as soon as possible while combining the case of Polish PGNIG company to analyzes the issue that is Poland is heavily dependent on energy supply from Russia and new issues appeares continuously. In addition, the dissertation also use the path of questionnaire from Polish to reflect their real views towards Russia after air crash event. Through multiple perspectives to illustrate Polish diplomacy gradually appears with the"normalization of the national"character by discussing the reasons, impacts of changing policy by Polish government.Chapter 6 summarizes and traces two evolving routs: First one is the evolving rout of different governments'foreign policies towards America, the EU and Russia. The other one is the whole evolving rout of different government's external strategies. And then the chapter describes the changing route of Polish national roles after joining the EU. Last, the chapter highlights changes and non-changes of Polish diplomatic policies towards America, the EU and Russia after the accession to the European Union.Chapter 7 regards to the distinct policies cast by the three generations of government since Polish accession to the EU, and with reference to some similar scenarios in the past history, we will be exploring the major difficulties which these governments are facing with their diplomacy towards America, the EU and Russia. In the discussion of the first issue: the competition of external influences and internal demands, the dissertation innovatively implements"hub– spoke"effect theory from the economics to the foreign affairs of the country. By illustrating the two flaws of this theory, and the appearance of non"hub– spoke"phenomenon to explain the problems Poland is facing when dealing with the competition of external influences and internal demands. In the discussion of the second issue: the fight among political elites, the dissertation proposed the conclusion, Polish Constitution has defects exist in the power structure of the President and Prime Minister's diplomacy privileges. It elevates the fight of political elites to the level of their political system defects. In the discussion of the topic"the split of eastern and western political territories", the dissertation incorporates geography means to demonstrate the persistence of the split-up of eastern-western political territories through maps of different contents. In the discussion of the third issue:"Polish persistence indentify with current negative national image of Russia", the dissertation refers to the result of opinion polls by the authority, results of surveys by interview and discussion to obtain a deep understanding of Russia's image along the history to the Polish people. And by analyzing Russian current behaviors, it introduces the conclusion of"Polish persistence indentify with Russia's current negative national image of Russia". In addition, by illustrating the public opinions and analyzing the voting rights of the council during the form-up of the constitution, to show the concerns for the integration of Europe Union from the public and internal political powers.Overall, the dissertation relies on a vast volumes of foreign materials, especially official datas from the first sources to show the original picture of Polish external policies do the best of the writer's ability. And with the datas from authority, information and writer's own analysis and judgment to hopefully establish the academic fundamental works for the later study and prediction of Polishs diplomacy trends.