| Since China became a net importer of oil in 1993, people paid more and more attention on oil security. At the same time,"Middle East"appeared before us though it seemed to be a physically remote region from China. Speak to Middle East's energy; oil is the first thing which can be mentioned. In the region of Middle East, almost every thing is related with oil. It is a reason of oil or it is a result of oil. In recent half century, Middle East's oil has affected deeply on world economy and polity and international relations. Both developed countries and developing countries are depending on the supply of Middle East oil.After"9·11"event, international energy supply has the trend of pluralism with the development of world economy, Middle East is no longer as the only No. 1 as before. Africa, Central Asian and Russia have their own show in the pattern of international energy. But Middle East is still in the important position in international energy pattern. So the energy of Middle East will still affect the energy strategy of powerful countries.There are six chapters in this paper except introduction and conclusion. The structure and framework organized as follows:Part one is the introduction of the research background, definition of key words, researching condition in and out China, the theory basis etc.Chapter 1 is the introduction of the important position of Middle East in international energy pattern. Mainly because of the core position doesn't change. The rate of reserves and production of Middle East's oil and gas is much higher than any other region and country. And in a long time, Middle East is in charge of the global oil production and export. Most important is that it is much easier to exploit oil in Middle East.Chapter 2 is the analysis of the changing of the US energy strategy based on the impact of Middle East's Energy. The US energy strategy in the Middle East objectives is to seek dominance in the Middle East and control its oil resources to manipulate the international oil market and maintain its global hegemony.There are 4 sections in this chapter. We can see the changing procession of American energy strategy. Before 1973, it is the controlling of import oil. During the more than 30 years from Nixon to Clinton , the goal of is to ensure the steady supply of Middle East's oil. During the period of George W Bush , because of the changing of international energy, the American energy strategy changed to increase energy store and exploit new resource. After Obama became the President, his first duty is to fix the Image of America, ensure the oil supply to America and carry out"the New Energy Plan".Chapter 3 is the analysis of EU. EU's energy strategy objective is very clear too, which is ensuring the oil supply to its membership countries. Further on this base, it can maintain its independence in international affairs. The EU is the most energy consumer and the second great energy importer. The surge of the oil price in Middle East will shock EU's economy. At the same time, the dependence of Middle East's oil of other powerful countries is threat to EU too. So there are three measures carried on in EU: firstly, establishing a"new order of energy policy"in Middle East region to keep the stable supply of oil; secondly, ensuring the energy import from Russia, signing longtime treaties and contracts with Russia, which including the energy infrastructure construction, giving Russia longtime and stable invest guarantee, helping Russia to change its civil energy market and energy conservation plans; thirdly, developing as the new source, storing the energy of Caspian region, Central Asian region and African region.In chapter 4, there are three sections to analyze the goal of Russia's energy strategy——Reviving. Russia's energy status is particular because it is a big country which has abundant energy by itself. Other powerful countries have to depend on the Middle East's energy. So the Middle East's oil is special to Russia. Its energy strategy is quite different from other countries. There are three stages about Russia's policy on Middle East, which are"only follow with the USA"stage,"the late half 20th century 1990 ages"stage and Putin stage. Russia's Middle East policy is more focus on economic interests than political interests compare with America. Russia's final goal in Middle East is to revive its old powerful status.As we all know, Japan is the second rich country in the world. At the same time, it's a big energy consuming country while resource is badly poor. To Japan, energy security issue is about not only its economic development but also its survival. Chapter 5 is to analyze Japan energy strategy objective——to make living and then to pursue to become a powerful country. Japan is much more dependent on Middle East energy than any other country. So it focuses on establishing diversified energy structure, exploiting new energy, improving the efficiency of energy using, dispersing the oil import source and rebuilding the relationship with oil-exporting countries of Middle East.Chapter 6 is to analyze China energy strategy, which is to protect the achievements of reform and open and ensure the China's sustainable development. There are three challenges to China which are highly dependent on import energy, reducing of oil import and weakness of oil carriage through the sea-route. The problems in the sea-route of Malacca are difficult to deal with. So China put its emphasis on Middle East oil diplomacy to cooperate with Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq and Gulf Cooperation Committee."Theory of Chinese oil threat"shows that there is misunderstanding on China's seeking energy fairly and rationally. In Middle East region, the relations between China and other powerful countries are subtle.Finally, there are some suggestions: firstly, China must control the rule of international energy games; secondly, we should build a united energy management organization; thirdly, improving the energy development strategy to be more perfect; fourthly, determine the overseas energy strategy emphasis; lastly, strengthen Chinese Navy.
|
PDF Full Text Request