On The Organic Unity Of The Democratic Ideas Of Marxism: From Marx To Deng Xiaoping

The democracy issue is one of the important contents of Marxist theory. The democracy thoughts of Marx and Engels, Lenin, Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping are the products of keeping up with the time; they form an open, successive and developmental system. The pithy democracy thoughts of the classical writers can be abstracted the basic principles of Marxism, this keystones shows the basic differences between the Marxism democracy thoughts and the non-Marxism democracy thoughts. Under this condition, the democracy thoughts of the classical writers are not the mechanical unification, but exist the differences among the focus of the thoughts, the arrangement of statements, and the relationship with practice. These differences precisely formed the coupling relationship between them, became a value portfolio of "Harmonization and Difference", and formed the organic unity of the democracy thoughts of Marxism.Under the guidance of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, by using the literature method, the combination of history and logic method, the comparison and analysis method, this paper will discuss the democracy thoughts of them. It could be inducted into four aspects:the macro context of democracy, the values of democracy, the institutions development of democracy, and the party organizations of democracy. By carding the internal logic and the idiographic content of democracy thoughts of the classical writers, this paper found the focuses of the four aspects mentioned above that the classical writers discussed are not the same. Marx and Engels regarded the critique of capitalist democracy and the pursuit of the freedom and liberation of human beings; Lenin focused on building a revolutionary vanguard, which could drive multitude to launch the proletarian revolution, establish the dictatorship of the proletariat, and make the theory of Marx and Engels into reality; Mao Zedong stressed the importance of the multitude route, through giving the extensive rights to the general public and inspiring them to participate in the revolution and construction, to achieve national independence and socialist democratic regime stability; Deng Xiaoping emphasized that the democracy is the proper meaning that could renew the vigor and vitality of socialism in the peaceful and developmental era and democracy must be institutionalized and legalized. The democracy thoughts of Marxism presented the internal logic of "human beings -party -regime-society". Accordingly, the basic characteristics of Marxism democracy could be inducted that Marx and Engels stressed the value of democracy; Lenin and Mao Zedong emphasized the function of democracy from the realities of the revolution and construction; Deng- Xiaoping preliminarily achieved the unification of value and the function of democracy in the socialist construction.From the perspective of historical development, the classical writers of Marxism enriched the democracy thoughts of Marxism from different aspects and degrees. It reflected that the democracy thoughts of Marxism are ceaselessly developed and complemented, it's an organic unity. By clarifying the developmental thread of the democracy thoughts of Marxism, we would understand the historical position of socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics, and provide the historical reference and ideological resources for it.