Scientific And Technological Revolution And China's Modernization

Science and technology (short for S&T below) is the revolutionary force with which modernizes the human society. To begin with, S&T, as the first force of productivity, is seen an inner power for economic growth and a significant means of satisfying the people's demand materially, hence putting the mode of produce into a state of constant innovation and making the technical advance and economic growth the priority for the whole nation. On the other hand, modern S&T also forces the style of living, communication, thinking of human beings and the organizational, administrative pattern of society to reform. Under the outstanding influence that S&T has made, the process of human society advance is increasing. Modernization therefore extends to all of the world from special countries and regions. In return, economic growth paves a better way for S&T improvement.The role that S&T plays in the progress of human society is being enhanced gradually. S&T had no necessary and coherent relationship with production until 18th century, although it played an important role in the society progress. People worked mainly with the od such as physical strength and limited intelligence. S&T had not been taken apart from direct laboring, which existed in a form of separate and put-forwarding experimental acknowledge gained by laborers. The technology in agriculture of feudalist old China took the No. 1 position in the world for a long time, which is regarded the climax of productivity for the first time. In a word, " the foundation for technology of modern industry is revolutionary while the one for technology of all old produce mode in essence conservative."In 16th and 17th century when revolution took place in West European, technological methods such as observation, experiment, anatomization, analysis, generalization and deduction were applied extensively, great scientists such as F.Bacon and Newton were created, and principal subjects of science such as mechanics, mathematics and others were developed one by one. Until 18th century, the achievements made oddly and occasionally in the history had beencleared out, and acknowledge had become science, and understanding in nature had taken the form of science. Revolution in science led to Industrial Revolution, which changed the process of human being, therefore, modern industry began to replace the agricultural society. After the Industrial Revolution in England, the summit climate of productivity growth had swept over German, America, Japan and so on, making German, America and later Japan become the international center in terms of technology. Japan with the S&T characterized by "approach" had shaved a new way to S&T development. The experience that the modernized nations take advantage of S&T to put the economy forward means significantly and realistically to the modernization that is taking place in China.As regarding to the role that S&T takes in the progress of society, there is a sharp line between the West scholars. Marxists take positive action in understanding the revolutionary of S&T. they point out that S&T is the first factor of productivity and the main force to put forward the society of human being. Even though MAX and ENKS had begun to pay much attention to the negative role taken by S&T, they made limited progress in this research. The ideology in S&T taken by Marxists has fundamentally made up of the architecture of Maxism theory, which is the theoretical guideline to researching the progress of S&T.Maxism idea about the development of the human society is the best one which will has great meaning in supervising the construction of socialist modernization. The West theories in modernization will be used as a reference for our undertakings in modernization construction in some way. Modernization taking in China is not the stereotype of Wes or European one, nor is seen as a part of the globalization taken by the capitalists, but taken by socialists. It is the modernization of 21 century.Examination in the mechanism to develop S&T and realistic forms ta...