| The Three Gorges reservoir region is situated at the vital section of the upper reaches of Yangzi River. It controls the provinces of the upper reaches of Yangzi River, which are Qinghai, Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing. It also controls the provinces of the middle and lower stream of Yangzi River, which are Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. Thus, it is also an important strategic region. It holds the main and tributary streams from six provinces situated at the upper reaches of Yangzi River. The Three Gorges Project being built is an extraordinarily gigantic water-control project and has the functions of generating electricity, controlling flood, shipping and travelling. Total reservoir water demand approaches 40 billion cubic meters. The Three Gorges reservoir region is the ecological source and green screen of the middle and lower reaches of Yangzi River. Its operational state not only relates the people's wealth safety and economic construction of middle and lower reaches of Yangzi River, but also determines the economic development speed and property of the upper stream areas of Yangzi River. However, it has rugged surface configuration, high mountains, steep slope, deep valley, barren soil, frequent mountainous and climatic disaster and fragile ecological environment. Although it has rich resources, population radical increase, inappropriate development behavior and the behavior of damaging the arable land cause the radical reduction of forest and grass rate, large-scaled water loss and serious soil erosion and the sharp conflict between human and nature. At the same time, owing to historic, natural and social factors, the reservoir area has long been in the state of closure and semi-closure. The economic development level in some districts and counties is still lower than that of Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei. Its development level is even lower than the average level of our country. There were 18 impoverished counties of national grade. Impoverished population reached 3,660,000.After alleviating poverty, population at the end of year 2000 still reached 820,000.How to get rid of poverty and acquire wealth? How to get rid of natural disaster? How to turn it into modern agricultural development area with beautiful environment, prosperous economy, modern technology and convenient traffic and information? How to realize sustainable development of highly efficient ecological agriculture? All these are the difficult problems.This paper designs sustainable development models of highly efficientecological agriculture with harmonization between economic development and ecological environment, applying sustainable development theory, economic theory and ecological economy theory, adopting the comprehensive analysis, scientific abstract, and integrating theory with practice, considering the characteristics of ecological fragility, population, resource, environment, economy, technology and organization, absorbing the domestic and international theory. Then, through multi-layer analysis, author tries to answer the following questions. How to ensure the high efficiency, sustainability and stability of economic development? How to apply the motive mechanism to regulate and control economic behavior? How to apply the technological progress mechanism to promote sustainable development of highly efficient ecological agriculture? How to apply institutional innovation to guarantee sustainable development of highly efficient agriculture? How to apply farmer household participation mechanism to promote sustainable development of the highly efficient agriculture. Through these analyses, author wishes to bring forth the innovative thought and ways and thus seek out a new sustainable development road which is appropriate to the Three Gorges reservoir area.This paper is divided into eight chapters. The structure and contents are as follows.The first chapter introduces the research background, defines clearly the scope o...
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