On China Industrial Clusters During The Transition Period

Characterized by spatial agglomeration .flexible specialization, cooperative network, cultural environment, self-reinforcement .internal integrity and external connection, industrial cluster is not only a new kind of organization mode of spatial economy between market and hierarchy system, but also an industrial community or an enterprise development ecosystem with biocommunity characteristics. Moreover, it is a regional innovative network. On the basis of regional division and cooperation, it outstands itself with resources-acquiring, market efficiency, innovative, startup as well as expansion, all of which have greatly stimulated the economy growth of coastal areas in China.Based on the reform and opening-up policy and the transition from planed economy to market economy, the emergence and development of China's industrial clusters are closely bound up with dynamic transforming of the regional advantages. For instance, Zhejiang Province, which possesses particular regional commercial culture and special factors of industrial traditions, depending on the perfect union of the spontaneous innovation by the micro non-governmental economic subjects with the flexible economic activities of the local government, has taken priority to select some efficient economic organization forms, such as the distinct property right system, regional specialized market and so on. And derived by the internal non-governmental capital accumulation, consequently, it gained an institution superiority to other areas. Furthermore, it expedited the delivery of the internal traditional industrial clusters. Guangdong Province, making full use of its superior geography, humanities, favorable investment policy, rich land resources, abundant cheap laborforce and the technology and management of multinational corporations, gave rise to the foreign investment enterprise clusters, under the coordinate mechanism of developmental local government, "gurrilla entrepreneurs", creative imitator and broker from HongKong, Taiwan and foreign countries. Take one more example, Zhongguan Village in Beijing,having conformed its advantages of capital situation, mass human and intelligence resources, enterprise spin-off and agglomeration, boomed the high tech industrial clusters.After it formed, the evolution of industrial cluster contains two patterns: one is the vertical development of internal system according to time, the other is the horizontal expansion into outside space. According to different features of industrial network, motivative mechanism, competitive advantage and economic performance, the former one can be divided into three stages of emergence, development and maturity; the latter one has two forms: the cluster groups and bi-disciplinary industrial clusters formed by the exterior space movement of clusters in their neighboring areas, the chain formed by the cluster industrial transformation to upper or lower links of the industrial chain.In China, the major problems today during the development of cluster economy are non-cluster agglomeration, non-external economy and how to promote the level of cluster development. In order to solve the problems mentioned, we must reinforce connections, strengthen the regional credit construction, realize cluster transformation timely and set up the three-dimensional principles.