Chinese The Expressway Government Control Regime Change Research

This dissertation uses the theories of government regulational economics and institutional changes to study the government regulational institutions of Chinese expressway. From the positive layer, we have studied the expressway regulational institutions, including investment and finance, the price of charge, road administration and licence rights. At the same time, this dissertation has analysed the history, the present and the problems of regulational institutions, and has put forward a series of suggestions of regulational reform.The fist,we should deepen the reform of relation between government and enterprise; The second, we should creat standardizing regulator; The third to strengthen regulational legislation and realize the legal institutionalization; The forth to break administration monopoly and standardize the regulation of the purely natural monopoly industries; At last, the center of government regulation will feflect to some extent, such as fortifying stimulating price regulation, deregulating the investment regulation and widening the paths of finance, adopting science measures to mark out the networking of roads and charge , and to push forward the informationization of road-net.Then, this dissertation concentrates theoritical analysis on two aspects.First, the dissertation has studied the efficiency and life of charge institution of expressway by an economic model, which concludes that the charge institution is the second choice made by the government under the pressure of public finance. It means that a nation is not able to build the expressway because of public finance pressure. Thus, a basic fact is covered that the government compares between the transfer-cost under the free tax system and the loss of welfare under the charge system, only when the tax rate is high enough at present in the seat of government that it has no possibility to tax, and the government has to select the charge system. The tax rate is so high that people does not permit taxing again, which means that the transfer-cost of taxation has arrived a level that can't be tolerated.Second, the dissertation analyzes and summarizes the theory of changes ofgovernment regulational institutions from the angle of microstructure, using three theories of institutional changes, which include the new institutional economics, evolutionary economics and thoery of evolutionary game. At the basis of the three theories, it lays emphasis on the following aspects:The beginning of the institutional changes. Under the great pressure of public finance, the government becomes the elementary action group of the changes of regulational institutions in order to obtain the large benefit of building expressway.The manner of the institutional changes. The elementary action group obtains the benefits of institutional changes by way of founding the secondary action group, using the method of conferring the licence rights. Certainly, the path that the elementary action group recognizes the licence rights is to study in this course.The course of institutional changes. This dissertation studies the course by way of the microstructure of institutional changes. In fact, the course of institutional changes is that organization and institution act on each other constantly. The elementary action group finds the potential benefits, and launch the changes by creating or rebuilding the secondary action group, who acts on the basis of the licence rights conferred by the elementary action group. Along with the secondary action group's independent benefit increasing constantly and its changes income being constantly consolidated, all the two groups want to find a optimum method of resource distribution by adopting a optimum organization method in order to gain the maximum incomes of changes because the initial resources (property rights) arrangement now shows more and more shortcomings. The seeking will continue until the changes income is limited, or the new profit appears because of changes of external environment, and in the new changes the se...