Specialization And Agricultural Development

More than 200 years ago,Adam Smith said that the origin of economic growth is the division of labor and specialization,the division of labor is dependent on the scale of market,which dependent on the transaction efficiency。70 years ago, Allyn·A·Young made further statement that the division of labor is dependent on the division of labor,and industrial differentiation is the catalyst of economic development。The history of economic development in the past have been stated clearly that transformation of mode of production is the essential feature of economic development and the general rule of industrial development, and the division of labor and specialization is the concrete embody。Division of labor and specialization are the two faces of one coin, they are not only the essential feature of industrial development, but also of agricultural development. The experience of agricultural development in developed countries, such as the U.S.A, indicated that the mode of production of specialization adopted in agricultural development is the precondition and basic means to accomplish agricultural modernization. The development of agricultural specialization accelerate agricultural socialization day by day, promote competition and cooperation in agricultural development, diversify the agricultural products supply day by day, improve agricultural productivity continually. China has a long history of agriculture development, but agricultural specialization developed very slowly before 1979. At the beginning of economy system reforms and opening to the world, China central government raised a claim of agricultural specialization. Along with transition from the planned economy to the market economy and establishment of market economy system progressively, agricultural specialization developed to a certain degree. At the beginning of 1980s, specialized and key households expanded quickly, source of agricultural products construction, especially grain and cotton, promoted agricultural regional specialization development. During the 1990s ,as economic circumstances changing, China central government suggested plans for quickening the tempo of agricultural structure regulation repeatedly, especially after China acceded to the WTO, central government further put forward a proposal that concentrating production of agricultural products in dominant region from inferior position in order to improving agricultural competitive abilities, local governments promoted agricultural regional specialization for local benefits,all give impetus to agricultural development, in the same time,agricultural specialization both in region and households got a chance of development。But in overall,at present times, most households in our country still take the mode of non-specialization production,agricultural regional specialization degree is still low。Under the background of agricultural commercialization and internationalization quickened day by day,how to accelerate agricultural specialization development,improve agricultural competitive and profit-making abilities,is the most important issue of Chinese agricultural development。 The theme of this paper is agricultural specialization and its development. Based on the analysis of theories of the division of labor and specialization and agricultural specialization, the author establishes an analytical framework on agricultural specialization. This framework provides a new prospective on agricultural modernization and a more interpretative notion on integration development for town and country. This paper use the methods of theory combining with practice and qualitative combining with quantitative analysis to research preliminarily agricultural specialization development and under-development, present situation, trends, causes and its effects on agriculture development. Using theories and methods of Industrial Economics, Industrial Organization and Economic Geography,this paper has studied several main problems as follows:first, the theories of division of labor and s...