Research On China's Economic Growth Quality

Since the middle of 1990s, China's economy has already entered a new stage changing from the way of extensive growth to the way of intensive growth. The characteristic of the extensive economical growth way is depending on increasing the factor input to expand the quantity of economy, it can also be called the quantity economic growth way. The characteristic of the intensive economical growth way relies on the effective disposition on the factor to improve the economic growth quality, it can also be called the quality economical growth way. It is obvious that the transformation in the way of economic growth from extensive to intensive means from the way of quantity to quality. Therefore, it becomes the fundamental question of economic development of the present stage in China to realize a remarkable improvement in the economic growth quality on the basis of keeping a rapid increase of economic growth quantity. In the long run, the western economists only researched on the economic growth quantity. Subsequently, on the basis of the economic development practice of the western countries, they put the economic structure and income distribution into the economic growth theories. Therefore, the economic growth can be differentiated the broad sense economic growth and the narrow sense economic growth. The broad sense economic growth not only includes the growth in quantity, but also includes the growth in quality. In a word, the broad sense economic growth is the unification of the economic growth in quantity and quality. The economic growth quantity is the premises of the economic growth quality. Without the economic growth quantity, there is not the economic growth quality, there is not the economic growth and the economic development in the modern significance too. The economic growth quality is the continuation and prolongation on the basis of the economic growth quantity. The economic growth quality is an important aspect of the economic growth. As to the economic growth quantity, the economic growth quality is a comprehensive appraisal to the overall state of national economy in a period and its character in terms of society's reproduction, and it reflects the degree of the economic growth both inferior and inferior. It includes the followings that the ratio of factor productivity of economic growth improves constantly, depends much more on the function of technological progress and manpower capital, optimizes constantly in economic structure, economic scale is rational gradually, on the foundation that the economic benefits are improving constantly, takes intensive economic growth way, strengthens the international competitiveness constantly, makes economy, the society, resources, environment in case of benign cycle, national economy develops lastingly, fast and steadily, and meets the needs of the people materially and culturally day by day. When analyzing the ratio of productivity, we not only seek the main tool of the source of economic growth, but also confirm the main method of the economic growth quality. While analyzing actually, we often use the ratio of labor productivity and comprehensive factor productivity to appraise the level of economic growth quality. The modern economic growth way is essentially a mode of economic development taking industrial structure change as the core. The industrial structure is a foundation of the economic growth, there is an extremely close relation between the improvement of industrial structureand the of quality economic growth. The relationship between scientific and technological progress and economic growth represents that, on one hand, economic development puts forwards a constant demand to science and technology, thus promotes the constant development and improvement of science and technology; on the other hand, promotes economic growth constantly on the basis of creating, popularizing and using scientific and technical results. So far, the earth is the exclusive celestial body adapting to human being existence. The environmental status has the straight relation to the survival and development. It is the necessary demand to increase the economic growth quality of knowing our country's environmental status, protecting the natural environmental resource, maintaining ecological balance, accelerating the natural environmental resource's balanced sustainable development and agelong using. Ⅱ When analyzing the process of social production, Marx and Lenin took the unity of the quantity expansion and quality improvement. In the initial stage of industrialization of our country, Mao Zedong emphatically discussed the economic development problem mainly for speed, and afterwards he found the importance in tackling the different economic relations correctly. Meeting the needs of the changes in the style of economic increase of our country, Deng Xiaoping systematically discussed the economic development problem of unification in speed and efficiency, quantity and quality. Smith's thought of wealth increases is the logic starting point of western economic growth theory, it also represented the unity of the quantity increases and quality improvement. Harrod-Domar mode mainly described the economic growth course in quantity, it reflected the characteristics of the extensive economic growth in earlier stage of industrialization. Solow and Kuznets andthe like described the economic growth course in quality emphatically, it reflected the characteristic of the intensive economic growth on later stage of industrialization. Камаевand Kornal discussed the quality of the economic growth earlier than others aiming at the economic waste and shortage in the planning system. Thoughts mentioned above gave a guide in studying China's economic growth quality. Ⅲ To investigate the real state of China's economic growth quality, we divide the process into two periods: before and after the Reform and Open. To appraise the level of China's economic growth quality, we should rely on the state of the economic movement, of the contribution of key element, of the industrial structure, of the technological progress and environmental and resources. Before the Reform and Open, influenced by the Great Leap Forward, the 3-year natural calamity and the Cultural Revolution, etc., economic development is in the state of a kind of abnormal, the speed of economic growth rose and fell frequently. After the Reform and Open, the speed of China's economic growth is relatively steady in comparing with the earlier stage, fluctuation trends to disappear, especially after 1990, China's economic growth keeps a steady and fast growth, the economic growth quality improves. Investment in capital and labor is the reason to get a higher economic growth and the improvement of the ratio of comprehensive factor productivity contributes an improvement in the economic growth quality. From the ratio of comprehensive factor productivity of China's economy and its contribution to the rate of economic growth, we can find that the improvement of the economic growth quality in our country is the course of improving constantlywith economic development, however, relatively compare with the world, it is at a stage of lower quality. Before the Reform and Open, adopting a planned economic system and the catching-up and surpassing type industrialization strategy taking priority to developing heavy industry, our country has established the perfect system of industry at the cost of the industrial structure deformed, the improvement of the people's living standards delayed. The main characteristic of industrial structure in this period is industrial structure deformed and the development disordered. After the Reform and Open, state-oriented industrialization is still in function, but has already begun to weaken, and the elements of market-oriented industrialization are continuously increasing. China has implemented a series of reform measures taking market economy as orientation, including adjusting economic structure, slowing down the growth rate of the heavy industry, quickening the development of agriculture and light industry, in order to turn back the state of seriously out-of-balance industrial structure in the former period. So, after the fast and continuous increasing and the several adjustments in industrial structure, the industrial structure tends to be appropriate. Under the guidance of national macro-policy, the scale of high-tech industry of our country is expanding constantly, benefit of the output continues improving, technological progress paces are accelerated, products innovation has notable effect, the impetus of high-tech industry to the economic growth is strengthening day by day. Comparing with other developing countries, China has an unique advantage in total economy, strong ability to imitate the ripe technology, a great market with solvency and investment value, therefore can attract more investment from the developed countries, and transfer more fledged technology from the developed country at the same time; therefore, constantly accelerate the paces of technological progress, raise the level economic growth quality.As regard of total amount of resources, China can be rated as the third biggest country of the world. However, resources amount per capita in China is well below the average world level. From the angle of consuming resources, the growth rate of consumption is surprisingly high in China. According to utilization ratio of water resources, our country is still at extensive stage. From the angle of revival of the resources, the ratio of re-utilization of resources in our country is far below that of the developed countries. The ecology deterioration has far been controlled, soil erosion and desertification are serious, urban environmental quality allows of no optimist, agricultural pollution get serious day by day, the resource waste and environmental disruption caused by the township enterprises has already reached a degree that can not be neglected, the economic losses caused by the environmental pollution takes a trends of rising constantly in our country. Ⅳ In the course of china's economic development, increasing the economic growth quality has the strategic significance. Because increasing economic growth quality not only is the originally meaning of the economy growth transformation, but also is the necessary choice of walking the new type industrialization road. So as to it becomes the inherent demands of building a well-off society in an all round way. It is the strategic approach to increase the economic growth quality of heightening the labor productivity continually, boosting the technology advancement actively and developing the circulatory economy energetically. In order to put increase the economic growth quality in to practice, we must construct the index system of the economic growth quality. The idiographic content is: (1) The index system of the economic fluctuating situation. It includes the followings that economic growth level and its...