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Industrial Agglomeration And Labor In The Spatial Distribution Of Changes In Research

Posted on:2006-08-17Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:X WeiFull Text:PDF
GTID:1116360155960522Subject:Population, resource and environmental economics
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Industrial agglomeration, one of the important phenomena of urban economical activities, can take a great impact on urban spatial structure and its function. Taking Shanghai as a research region, this dissertation presents the characteristics of Shanghai urban spatial structure and reveals its trend rules from the industrial agglomeration and labor force distribution. This research does not just make sense in theory by enriching the contents of urban economics and agglomeration economics and promote their application in China metropolises, but also has important role in practice application, such as improving urban function, building sustainable development space, quickening economical development and advancing comprehensive competitive ability.The dissertation uses spatial economics, industrial economics, new economic geography for reference. And apply multi-discipline analytical methods, such as economic analysis and spatial analysis. It's the first time that the dissertation has a all-round, deep and systemic studies on shanghai industrial agglomeration and labor force distribution, by using the data of the first and secondary basic units census of Shanghai municipality in 1996 and 2001. The main contents and findings are as follows:(1) Analyze the industries and labor force spatial distribution characteristics of Shanghai during 1996-2001, which include: first, labor force density declines from the center with distance , and the densities of inner city and suburb differ greatly. It shows that Shanghai economical activities are still concentrated in the inner city, especially in 9 central districts, which is 15km away from the very center point of Shanghai. Second, similar to population spatial distribution, labor force and industries spatial distribution develop towards the equilibrium, and disperse from central city to suburb. Third, the corporate units' density c doesn't disperse from inner city to suburb, but from urban core to inner city edge. Fourth, from both labor force evolvement or units evolvement point of view, Shanghai is changing from monocentricity with the People's Square center, to two-center city with the People's Square and Xujiahui, and the subcenter of Xujiahuii is coming into being. It's a trend that urban especially to metropolis development from monocentricity to polycentricity. And it's also theimportant result of city function differentiation and evolvement. Almost all western metropolis have experienced the change from one-center to multi-center. The change from monocentricity to polycentricity of Shanghai can avoids the excess agglomeration of urban traffic, meanwhile several midtowns can boost the balance of city districts, to improve the traffic network frame, to reduce the chances of traffic jams, and making for the promotion of urban function and economy and living condition development.(2) Explore the distribution characters and development rules of the secondary industry and tertiary industry in shanghai. Find that distribution densities of both secondary and tertiary industries exhibit a descending pattern with distance. But from the view of location specialization, the distribution of both industries are totally different: the location specialization index of the tertiary industry descents with the distance; on the contrary, the location specialization index of the secondary industry ascents with the distance. At the area that is outside 20 km circle to the central of city, both indexes remain stable at relatively high or low level. From the change trend view, the secondary industry labor force density of inner city falls, and the labor force expresses a dispersion and equilibrium trend. The tertiary industry labor force density in core city reduces, and it's disperses from core urban to inner city's edge. But to suburb specially to far suburb that 15km away from the city centre, the tertiary industry labor force density of inner city increases, and the unequilibrium trend is strengthened.The secondary industry dispersing to suburb and the tertiary industry dispersing to suburb are the outcome of both regulating of shanghai industrial policy and out-migrating of the secondary industry, and a process of the metropolis self-evolution under the background of marketing economy, in which urban functions are diversified and integrated, and it is also in accordance with the general law of urban industry spatial evolution.(3)Discuss the spatial distributions of Shanghai's major industries. It indicates that the characteristic of Shanghai industry distribution is the same as the secondary industry. First the distribution density decreases rapidly with distance and spatial distribution difference is enormous. Secondly, it is remarkable that industry is distributed spreading from central city to suburb. Third, degree of local specialization is contrary to density distribution, low in central city and high in suburb, and makes circle of 20 kilometers as the boundary: the specialization index is increasing withinthe circle and remains about 1.5 outside of the circle. In addition, degree of local specialization has reduced in central city and risen in the suburb. The industry distribution generally shows suburbanization trend. This is also an important result of industrial policy adjustment and industrial enterprises moving outside, and the inexorable trend of urban function division and evolvement.Shanghai's circulates department's(including wholesale, retail and catering Business industry, and transportation, storage, postal and telecommunications industry) distribution characteristics are conform to the tertiary industry.: which exhibits bell-shaped density distribution with distance. And it will be tend to disperse.Shanghai finance & insurance industry's spatial distribution possesses the distinct industrial characteristics: highly centralized in space and the spatial distribution difference is enormous; Lujiazui area and Waitan area have become the agglomeration area of finance and insurance industry; the specialization degree is very high in the two area and have the tendency to continue strengthening. As a very important component in modern urban economy, the finance and insurance industry locates in CBD area in almost all each big city.(4) By using some effective indicators, this dissertation has a detailed analysis of shanghai major industries agglomeration degree and development trend. It founds that agriculture and finance & insurance represents a high agglomeration degree. The spatial distributions of almost every trade of tertiary industry tend to centralize. The trade of finance &insurance has seen a large elevation of concentration degree, and its concentration trend is very remarkable. However, there is a dispersion trend in the spatial distributions of agriculture, transportation, storage, telecommunication, real estate, social service, and comprehensive service of science of technology. From the view of location specialization, the primary industry and industries are more clustered in outskirt, the secondary industry are spreading towards suburb, and the tertiary industries are likely to concentrate on outside core area of city , among which, finance and insurance are more highly flocked in CBD.(5) Take Pudong New District as an example, the research constructs Cobb-Douglas production function model, to explore shanghai industrial agglomeration economies on two levels, one is on enterprise level ,namely internal scale economies; the other on region level, namely localization economies. It founds that shanghai enterprise show remarkable agglomeration economies as internal scale economies in all kinds of industries and trades. But on regional level, localization...
Keywords/Search Tags:Industrial agglomeration, Labor force spatial distribution, Agglomeration economies, Scale economies, Localization economies
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