Cultivation Status And Management Measures Of Wild Plant Recorded With Trading Data In China

Wild-plant resources, as the precious carriers and storages of germ plasm, genetics, natural compounds and living circumstances, are dramatically rich in China and there are altogether 32,800 species of higher plants taking up over 12% of the world total, ranking third in the world. But owing to the disturbance of human activities, in the past decades, lots of wild plants of China have been in the serious challenge of endangered and even extinguishing. We must immediately take steps to protect wild-plant species from decrease or extinguish, especially focusing on the investigation of cultivation and management measures on endangered wild plants. This thesis mainly investigated 125 kinds of wild plants in China, which had been recorded about their commerce situation in detail and had accurate statistics of trading data. Among them, there are 11 kinds of plants belonging to grade I national protecting species, 47 kinds of plants being the grade II national protecting species, and the other 67 kinds of plants as important rare and endangered plants, including Abies chensiensis, Larix mastersiana, Rhodiola sachalinensis. In the investigated species in this study, 48 with accurate statistics of trading data had been ranked in the National Priority Protecting List and 15 kinds of plants were not in the list.The involved trading data on the import and export of wild-plant resources showed that global markets have a more and more increasing demands for wild plants. Wild-plant species involved with export indicated that there were about 40 kinds of plants in relation with trading with international markets, among which medicine plants occupying the largest amounts and there were , Astragalus membranaceus var. mongolicus, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi , Ginkgo biloba , Larixmastersiana. with the annual trading quantity over kilotons. With respect to timber plants, the annual trading quantity of most of them were below 600 m~3 with exception of pine 2259 m~3 and Fraxinus mandshurica 1401 m~3; To aroma plants like Cinnamomum longepaniculatum 250 tons, Tilia anurensis, the annual trading amounts is about 200 tones; Food plants for export mainly involved Juglans regia, Pinus koraiensis, Lycium barbarum L, Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba; Ornamental plants for export including Pseudoiarix amabilis with annual amounts of 813 individual plant, Metasequoia glyptostroboides with 22000, Calycanthus chinensis with 1030. The demand of wild-plant species involved in internal markets can be reflected according to the importing and internal-trading quantities. By the investigation and statistics, we concluded that 118 species included in the internal market trading, and the total trading amounts of medicine plants Ginkgo biloba, Ephedra sinica Stapf, Juglans regia, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was over ten thousand tons. In addition, industry plants Fraxinus mandshurica , Juglans mandshurica, aroma plants Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum longepaniculatum,food plants Juglans regia, Ilex kaushue , Camellia petelotii, Dimocarpus longan, and ornamental Cercidiphyll urm japonicum , Bretschneidera sinensis Davidiainvolucrata^ Emmenopterys henry i*. Paeonia lactiflora PalK Ormosia hosiei -> Dracaena cochinchinensis n Dracaena cambodiana n Aeoni torn carmichaeli Debx. share the quite large market demands.The market demands of wild-plant had exceeded the capacity of resources in China. Although increasing concentration on this issue and measures like conservations by migration of on the spot had been taken, all the endeavors only can solve some endangering questions of plants, and it never give a exiting future to basically deal with the conflicts between demands and supply. Cultivation of some wild plants is the key means to resolve the question of lack of nature resources ultimately. By detailed investigation and statistics to the status of wild-plant cultivation, we made a conclusion that there were 84 species like Pinus koraiensis^ Ginkgo biloba^ Panaxginseng*. Gastrodia elataBL^ Panaxnotoginseng F. chen meeting the requirements of large market demands, possessing a sets of culture methods and realizing cultivation in large scale. The other 16 species were characteristic of large demands, advanced culture technique, small-size cultivation. What is bad is that there are now about 25 species still dependent on the wild-growing plants.The second concentrated issues in this study is about six aspects of management measures, including laws establishment, administration, identification criterions of enterprise, market regulation to prompt the development of enterprises, and setting up high effective technology routes of cultivation on wild-plant. Beside of mentioned measures, we have to take action to establish marketable technology routes, separately from the respects of promoting investment on scientific research, prompting application and transformation of research results, bringing in advantaged high-tech for plant resources culture and at last integrating the technology of prevention and cure of plant diseases and insect pests. At the same time, we also need to realize classified administration and set up high effective market system and admittance regulations based on the knowledge of trading situation of plant products, reserves of wild-plant resources and level of technology.