A Study On Administrative Supervision Of Chinese County Government

With the trend of democratization and marktization in economy, the public governance of our country has witnessed obvious problems concerned with the establishment and improvement of certain systems and mechanisms aimed to tackle corruption, enhance effectiveness and supervise authority in the process of modernization. Our country has attached much importance to these problems. Under such circumstances, a few schorlars in this country have dedicatied themselves to the study of "supervision" ranging from system to mechanism, from theory to practice and several research papers have been published.Even though some research paper and investigating reports are published, no one studies administrative supervision of County Government systematically and exceptionally. The significance of county government management and the basic value of government governance are self-evident. The supervision system of county government is one of the national authority supervision's. Therefore, this research can strengthen the weak point politically and administratively in academic circle, and extend a new world for the county government administration;its research outcome can make for guarding against and remedying the abuses, and supervise the power exerting justly and effectively, and encourage and ensure the democratic participation., as well as throw light on the disposal of the supervision mechanism.As for the county, supervision is very complicated. Firstly, the content and the ways of supervision hinge on the faculty of the supervisor and the aims, that is to say, the character and potency of supervision decide the nature of the content of supervision and the way. Meanwhile, the content and means of supervision embodies the nature and the responsibilities. Secondly, the subject and object of supervision rest on institution, as to the game playing between what to supervise and how to do, the differences still exist, and then, the variance of the administrative ecology can make new supervisor come into being during the operation and cause some new problems. And so, we find out the differences between the system design and the practice and transforming motivities.Based on above supposes, this dissertation classifies— supervision of People's congress Council, political consultative conference, court, procuratorate, and inspection of discipline, administrative, superior, cadre, and also supervision of audit, citizen, league,public opinion etc, as division and cooperation heteronomous supervision, manage and control self discipline, social authority maintenance—participating supervision. Then guided by Marxist politics theory, employing demonstration analysis elucidates and probes into the institution, system and ecology of the county supervision.The dissertation is made of five chapters and conclusion.The first chapter is the introduction which is mainly about the reason for this research and its significance. The following points are included in this chapter: connotations and characteristics of basic ideas such as county government, administrative supervision, literature review of related researches, experience analysis as main research method and the structure and frame of the dissertation.The second chapter is about the supervision of ancient county government and its revelation. The mechanisms of supervision of ancient county government are as follows: "flexibility integrated with standardization", "the humble's supervision of the senior", "coexistence of main parts and supervision from three levels". And meanwhile, the revelation of the ancient county government's supervision is following: we should exert supervision's function and supervision of power is the basis;we should persist in coexistence of supervision from all levels;probity supervision is difficult to carry out because bureaucracy is the obstacle and wages for government officer are not sufficient.The third chapter is about division and cooperation heteronomous supervision in politics. The external supervision of administrative power in county governing includes supervision of CPPC, power supervision of NPC, democratic supervision of court trial and legal supervision of procuratorate based on law and organization guarantee. This chapter describes and illustrates subjects, objects, contents, processes and ways of these kinds of supervision as well as the exertion of supervision's function and its obstacle in order to reveal the modality of supervision unfolded in upright power constraint and non-power constraint of county government administration.The fourth chapter is about manage and control self-disciplined supervision. This chapter mainly deals with main mechanisms such as supervision from higher level, supervision of cadre administrative departments and inspection with reference to the discipline of CCP. This chapter describes and illustrates subjects, objects, contents, processes and ways of supervision based the discipline in order to real the administration of probity and efficiency reflected in the internal supervision mechanism in government administration.The fifth chapter is about supervision by way of participation of other powers in the society. This chapter tries to discuss supervision from civil individuals, social organizations in order to demonstrate the characteristics and difficulty of constraining political power by civil individuals.The last part is a conclusion which summarizes the three supervision mechanisms mentioned above. The author points out that the three supervision mechanisms have worked into a system of supervision consisted of three aspects such as heteronomy, self-discipline and participation. However, the operation of such a system involves four limitations—lack of authoritativeness, consistency, guarantee and self-discipline. The key to perfecting it is possibly to optimize constraints of power, to integrate internal supervision, to concentrate on the improvement of certain priorities in county government's supervision systems and mechanisms: to advocate the supervision by media and bring about a kind of constaint by media in the systems and mechanisms of government's administrative supervision to strengthen the supervision of county governors and to boost administrating by law.Two creativities in this dissertation are as follows:The first one lies in the method adopted in this research. The method of experience analysis which combines both the normative study and the empirical study are used in this dissertation to analyze the administrative supervision of China's county governments in their political process, not only emphasizing the literature comments and the literature citations but also the problem sense and the theoretical hypothesis. This method focuses on the analyzing the data from all sources beyond the confines of one text or one special application field. The systematic study on one aspect of the county administration by this method not only differed from the macro-study based on the normative study, but also from the micro-study based on the empirical study and tried to explore a new method for the administrative supervision study.The second one lies in the contents. The previous studies on the supervision mechanism in China's socialist democratic politics have two limitations: the first one is the confusing classification, for example the democratic supervision of CPPCC and the disciple inspection of the CPC were often mistaken as the social supervision;the second one is the neglect of power-supervision mechanism study in China's political process from the aspect of county government, because the previous studies focused on the construction of a clean and honest administration and the anti-corruption movementresulting in some deviating from the idea power controlled and maintained by the constitution" and from the idea "governed by law".This research observed and analyzed the administrative supervision in county government from such three aspects as heteronomy, self-discipline, and participation to illustrate the characteristics and relation of various supervision forms. In this research, the administrative supervision system in the county government consist of three sub-systems: heteronomy, self-discipline, and participation, which reflects the competition between power-restriction, management control, interest-restriction and administrative power, but there are still some limitations in how to manage them integrally. Based on above, this research also comes up with several suggestion and approaches.