On The Political Philosophy Of Moral Default

This article is divided into 4 chapters. From researching the origin of the problem of the moral preestablishing on, it redes separately the origin and intension, historical rheidity, the relationship between political practice and the moral preestablishing. And what is the moral preestablishing in Chinese political philosophy as well as how to incarnate and perfect the moral preestablishing under socialistic market economy, etc. has all been told here.The moral preestablishing comes of exceeding impulse of human activity. It occupies the preceding place in the theory construction. It not only reflects the judgment of value but also plays an important role of methodology in the construction of political philosophy. From among the phylogeny of entire western political philosophy, the kindness and justice, kernel concepts of moral preestablishing, experienced a gradually evolving process. What is classified into the category of the moral preestablishing guided by the rights of individuals is all regarding the essence of human as alienative each other and free as well as the benefits of individuals beyond all, which is what regards individualism as philosophy base. However, what is classified into the category of the moral preestablishing guided by social standards is all regarding the essence of human as being able to be united and rational as well as the benefits of group beyond the benefits of individuals, that is what regards communitarianism as philosophy base. The moral preestablishing no matter guided by the rights of individuals or by the social standards, is closely correlated with political practices and both bring not only one kind of political practice form. To take example for modern western philosophy, on the base of the moral preestablishing guided by the rights of individuals, liberalism(radical theory form) and conservatism(conservative theory form) are brought; on the base of the moral preestablishing guided by the social standards, communitarianism (conservative theory form) and socialism(radical theory form) are brought. The former attaches importance to pursuing freedom but the latter the value of equality (order).It is with clearly confluent trend of Confucianism and the ideology of Legalists in Chinese political philosophy. They are protested that have both kindheartedness and punishment, prefer justice to benefits, loyal to the throne and think much of people in Chinese political philosophy. The moral preestablishing of Chinese mainstream political philosophy pays attention to social standards, social group has been taken by Chinese traditional culture as the principal part. Therefore social group is always regarded as the ultimate entity producing all values and the ultimate basis measuring all values.The relationship between the moral preestablishing and the political practice is actually the relationship between the value and the fact, between the logic and the history. On the base of absorbing western advanced thoughts and considering Chinese culture characters, we think, the moral preestablishing of the present Chinese political philosophy should be freedom and efficiency the first, harmony and equitableness given attention to, epochal character and...