The Institutional Transition And Path Choice Of The Old Age Social Security System

Along with the change of the social environment and the economic environment, the population aging question is increasingly outstanding. The international society attaches importance to the old age problem more and more. The elimination of old age poverty and guaranteed of the basic income for senior citizen have been put on the agenda by many countries. Establishing the old age social security systems, safeguarding the old age's basic life need, enhancing their life quality gradually, and making them spend their remain life in quiet and comfort is not only a great performance of social progress, but also a natural requirement to construct harmonious society and to realize social justice after china entering into a new historical period. The old age social security system is a general system which includes the economical security system, the medical security system, the service security system and the spirit console system. It is provided or controlled by the government in order to reduce the old age risk and to improve the quality of life of the elder. Based on the old age security system, the paper analyzes the essential factors of the old age security system, researches on the evolutional process of the old age security system, discusses the pattern, content and reform tendency of the old age social security systems in various areas, and proposes some new thoughts about how to establish the old age social security system in our country.During the research of our old age social security system, the paper points out the way dependence of our old age social security systems by analyzing the institutional change of its firstly, then discusses the demand main body and supplies main body of our old age social security system in theory and practice, finally proposes policy suggestion about how to choose the path of our old age social security system. The main conclusion includes:Firstly, the paper studies the basic elements of the old age security system based on the system theory, including demand main body; supply main body, supply way, and the mechanism of old age social security system. The paper proposes that the old age security system has the attributes of the ecosystem and the social economy system, then analyzes the important role of the ecosystem and the social economy system about how to create and evaluate the old age security system.Secondly, the paper studies the evolutional process of the old age security system based on the historical materialism, summarizes on the generally security systems, rural elder security system, and the institutional change, choice of path and reform situation of the old age health security system in the old age social security systems. Through contrasting the pattern characteristic and background and the movement effect and reform tendency of the old age social security systems among different areas, the paper gives some views about how to establish and improve our old age social security systems. The same way is used during analyzing the institutional change and path choice of our old age social security systems. On the one hand, the paper studies on the cities and the rural old age social security systems separately, summaries the process exploring the reform of our city and rural old age social security systems. On the other hand, it points out the problem of the way dependence existing in our old age social security system, namely all problems is caused by our dual-structure of the society and dual-structure of economic.The third, the paper discusses the change of the old age security system under theory views. During the analyzing the institutional change of our old age social security system, the paper discusses the necessity and the inevitability to change the old age social security system by institutional economics theory and method, pointing out that the institutional change of the old age social security system has the induced and compulsory characteristic and that the way dependence is caused by the institutional change. In the research of the main body of our old age social security system, this paper discusses the game between government and individual, the government and enterprise as well as the enterprise and enterprise. These game analysis involve in each factor of the old age social security system, such as the financial support of government to the rural old age social security systems, the historical debt responsibility of government in the cities old-age insurance reform process, the share of government and the enterprise in the cities retirement medical service security, how to determine the level and tariff of old-age insurance, the collecting rate and amount of the old-age insurance fund and so on. The games among main body have the significant influence to how to establish and carry out the old age social security systems.The fourth, based on empirical analysis, the paper discusses the present situation and the question in our old age social security system. In the research of the demand main body of the old age social security system, the paper studies the income distribution, the security condition and the medical security condition of our city and rural old age community by means of the questionnaire, the depth interview and the case analysis. The paper analyzes the demand attitude and demand willingness of demand main body for the old age social security project in the method of econometrics, studies the related behavior of demand main body which includes early retirement, reemployment and the personal deposit, and then obtains the relationship between these behavior reasons and the old age social security system. In the investigation of the supply main body of the old age social security system, the paper analyzes the sustainable and the non-efficiency factors existing in the old-age security system by means of the factor analytic method. Based on the macroscopic data and the microscopic data, the paper analyzes the burden willingness and the moral risk of enterprise main body own for the old age social security systems, studies the burden ability of enterprise main body for the old age social security.Finally, based on the summary about the choice of path of the old age social security system, the paper proposes two paths which can be selected to establish our old age social security system. It discusses the value judgment standard and the factor influencing way choice, analyzes the economical feasible, the fund supply feasibility and the policy implementation opportunity about the path 2. From this, the paper proposes the gradient development ideas and the related policy advises to realize the path 2, and hope that these works can provide the theory references to establish and improve our old age social security system.