In 1978 In China Since The Petition Work Study

The system of letters and visits in China has played the important role in developing the democracy, understanding the people's life and feeling, solving social contradictions, relieving people's sorrow, citizen supervision and making suggestions on improving policies and work to the people's government, etc., but the letters and visits' contents that involved and the influence that result in has broken the designer' original intention of the system in letters and visits of the PRC since 90's middle in the 20th century. The high tide of community visits and the individual form more than ten years continuously for the main marking have still not fallen obviously up to now and become the main factor that affects the society harmony. It is not only the pain of parts of citizens but the secret concern to many government organs. Since entering new century especially, series of problems mutually have become the focus and the hard nut to crack of society concern increasingly. From Central committee of the CPC, the State Council of the PRC to the villages and business enterprises of the grass-roots towns, people of all social strata have beat their brains to look for the solution, the emphases on it and the finance support unprecedented, the method groping for one after another, but all these have not suppressed the situation for Increasing of total amount effectively, many people are not satisfied with the result that actualities present. Not only mistakes exist in the work practice, but the theory research is plain and simple, lacking the height and the depth that should have.This thesis puts effort in the historical and realistic investigation in all-round way, fixing attention in the special features research of individual cases, trying to clarify the history and present conditions, holding the sequence of events of letters and visits, namely how they took place exactly, how they were handled, what the experiences and lessons were, inquiring into some problems particularly, thus clarifying some misty and false but widespread and existent ideas and ways, put forward some suggestion for the decision reference.Chapter 1 reviews simply the history of letters and visits in China and Weihai before 1978. China has the feudal, semi-feudal and semi-colony social history of more than 2,000 years. For the endless ages of monarchic power, the feudal emperors talked the law into their own hands, the common people suffered injustice, consigned the hope to the emperor then, accusing somebody before the emperor become the basic mode to all ages fight for fair. Before 1949 letters and visits in Weihai presented two characteristics mainly: during the period of England's rent Weihaiwei toughly, its administration superior of the colonial authorities combined the Western laws with Chinese traditional cultures, obtain the certain result; after the war against Japan and Weihaiwei becoming the liberated area, people 's intermediation launched vividly.The system in letters and visits of the PRC has some relations with the long-term system of accusing somebody before the emperor existed in Chinese histories. The 1 st generation leadership of the CPC is the one who laid solid foundation for the system and theories in letters and visits of the PRC, system is also the part of Chinese political system construction. At the time of exerting certain functions, the system also share weal and woe with the turbulent political situation more than 20 years after 1957, therefore, people can look back the experiences and the precepts of the Chinese democracy system construction.The basic standpoints chapter 2 elaborates are: it is the prime time that the system of letters and visits in China from 1978 to the end of 80's in the 20th century. During 1978 to 1982, under the condition of judicial power on the decline, the second generation leadership of the CPC with great boldness of vision, completed the false and wrong case of extensive mission to rectify court sentence, ended the most vigorous grand view of the high tide in about four years since 1949, went into the healthy developmental stage quickly, the nation presented a peaceful, stable, animated situation. Under the leadership of the CPC and national laws and policies, the work regarding letters and visits in Weihai is fruitful.Chapter 3 discusses the characteristics of 90's in the 20th century: take the thought in letters and visits of the third generation leadership of the CPC as our guideline, with Regulations on Letters and Visits for the main marking, the rule of law in letters and visits began to see the result and the organization power is enhancing. People's governments at various levels have made great efforts to explore a new mechanism in order to overcome the problems, which can be said to let a hundred schools of thought contend.Chapter 4 has analyzed the tide of letters and visits since 2001 and summed up the valuable experiences and measures in China and Weihai district through the diligent quest, for example, the expensive Guiyang model, Yima experience, etc. It analyzes 2005 Regulations on Letters and Visits' background, characteristics with shortage; sums up the basic characteristics and the work characteristics in Weihai.The last chapter has studied some problems, for example, how to let the condition maintain a good order in letter-writing and visiting, how to affirm position of the system in letters and visits; the root of source; comparing the related systems, with administrative reconsideration, litigation, mediation, arbitrates, etc.; the analysis of the dynamic state outside the city; the competition of the various participate persons; relations between the person's role and rule of law in the system in letters and visits, etc. The very clear comprehension, explanation and research for these problems are the foundational work to attain the purpose of cracking the hard nut of letters and visits.The measures are mainly as follows: if keeping free-flowing channels for letter-writers and visitors, the rule of law and law-based administration are necessary; The implement of sunlight letters and visits" can acquire the trust of people; renovating scientific mechanism is a key link; Trying hard to persuade with mental work and all kinds of intermediations are the most basic means; Pay attention to the similar experiences and ways from abroad, can draw lessons from the advantage and make up the shortage.The thesis has put forward several concepts, such as the invisible letters and visits, no voice of letters and visits, the variant of letters and visits and permitting scope, clustered strength, the utility administration, etc., inquiring into the regulation, manage to pure three basic grains, namely the social antinomy and the evolution grain of letters and visits, the evolution of the organization and its functions, the development grain of views of the three leadership of the CPC.The thesis researches problems from the standpoint of historical and dialectical materialism; Make use of the method of the history research and the dialectical thinking; the theory of insisting history combining theory, hard thinking of theory uniting with the individual cases of substantial evidence; investigating the conditions at the grass roots, obtaining the knowledge in practice. The individual case research of "dissecting a sparrow" type is the guarantee of researcher's result quantity. The thesis uses more research and statistics analytical methods, carry on history and the actuality, native and foreign, individual cases and generally accepted rules etc., compare at different angles; absorb other scientific research methods actively, for example, the sociology, politics, Jurisprudence, psychology etc.; lay equal stress on the courage and the scientific spirit, try hard to attain the macro, medium and tiny view mutually. History, actuality and future will unify together mutually.