The Study On The Mental Health Of Juvenile Delinquents In Families As Ecological Systems

Juvenile delinquency is an important social issue that the world faces up, called as one of the three greatest harm, has caused the high value of the criminologist, sociologist and psychologist. At present, it faces the serious condition that the rate of juvenile delinquency rises continuously, regardless of the western developed countries and the developing countries. Juvenile delinquency has become a difficult problem of puzzling the modern society from the gun cases that it happened continuously in the American campus to the crime high peak of several time in Japan. In our country, The rate of juvenile delinquency is rising rapidly. At the same time, it presents the low crime age, the complex crime individual, the various crime type, the violent crime method and the collective crime form. The problem of the mental health is one of the reason of juvenile delinquency from the angle of the psychology. The research of the mental health to the group contributes to prevent, cure and reform the juvenile delinquency, be advantageous to harmonious society and continuable development.Based on the previous researches, this research explores the mental health of juvenile delinquents, with combining theory and demonstration, tries to find the developmental features on the mental health of juvenile delinquents from the family ecological system. This article is composed of 5 parts:The first part is exordium. Summarizing the researches of mental health, adolescents'mental health, and the mental health of juvenile delinquents; exploring the origin and evolution of ecological system theories. Based on it, putting forward the hypothesis of this research and pointing out the meaning of theory and the meaning of practice.The second part is the theory research on the mental health of juvenile delinquents. It consists of three contents: One, the features of the mental health of juvenile delinquents exploring from the cognition, emotion, motivation, and behavior. Two, the factors of influencing the mental health of juvenile delinquents summarizing from the biology, environment and individual. The biology includes the factors of the heredity, physical endowment, bio-chemical and machine quality, the environment includes two aspects of the family and society, the individual includes the cognitive attitude, self-consciousness and personality. Three, the problem of cultivating the mental health of juvenile delinquents that summarizing from the prison of adolescents and society.The third part is the demonstrable research of the mental health of juvenile delinquents. This is the emphasis of the article. This part explores the relations between the mental health of juvenile delinquents and the parents subsystem, home environment subsystem and individual subsystem, that between or among the subsystems on the guidance of ecological system theories, the entrance of the family, the questionnaire of juvenile delinquents, the tools of scales. Based on it, this research synthesizes the family ecological system model of the mental health of juvenile delinquents. It is composed of 6 studies. The first research explores the status of the mental health of juvenile delinquents. The result is: the total score and factor scores of SCL—90 have significant difference between juvenile delinquents and the middle school students, this indicates that the mental health of juvenile delinquents is lower than the middle school students; mental health problem are obviously focused on crankiness, obsessive-compulsive and interpersonal sensitivity; the scores of the violent group were higher in horror and hostility; different time in the prison have no significant difference to the mental health of juvenile delinquents. The twice research explores the relations between the mental health of juvenile delinquents and factors of parents subsystem. The result is: parent rearing styles, education level and occupation have significant difference between juvenile delinquents and the middle school students; the scores of father warmth and over-protection have significant difference between the violent group and the non-violent group; some factors of the mental health of juvenile delinquents have significant correlation with that of parent rearing styles, have significantly main effect and interaction with parent education level and occupation. The third research explores the relations between the mental health of juvenile delinquents and factors of home environment subsystem. The result is: family and environment, family structure and economic position have significant difference between juvemle delinquents and the middle school students; the scores of cohesion and conflict have significant difference between the violent group and the non-violent group; some factors of the mental health of juvenile delinquents have significant correlation with those of family and environment, have significantly main effect and interaction with family structure and economic position. The fourth research explores the relations between the mental health of juvenile delinquents and factors of individual subsystem. The result is: neuroticism and lying have significant difference between juvenile delinquents and the middle school students; the scores of neuroticism have significant difference between the violent group and the non-violent group; some factors of the mental health of juvenile delinquents have significant correlation with those of individual personality. The fifth research analyse among family ecological subsystem of juvenile delinquents. In regard to parent subsystem and home environment subsystem, father education level and occupation have significant influence upon family and environment feature, family structure have significantly main effect to parent rearing styles, some factors of parent rearing styles of juvenile delinquents have significant correlation with those of family environment; in regard to parent subsystem and individual subsystem, mother education level have significant influence upon personality of juvenile delinquents, father education level and mother occupation have significant interaction in the personality of juvenile delinquents, four scales of personality of juvenile delinquents have significant correlation with some factors of parent rearing styles; in regard to home environment subsystem and individual subsystem, family structure have significant influence upon extraversion—introversion and neuroticism of juvenile delinquents, family structure and economic position have significant interaction in the personality of juvenile delinquents, some factors of home environment of juvenile delinquents have significant correlation with those of their personality. The sixth research synthesizes the family ecological system model of the mental health of juvenile delinquents. From the model, parent subsystem, home environment and individual subsystem of juvenile delinquents have negative function to mental problems, there are high correlation among three subsystem, this indicates that three subsystem of juvenile delinquents have opposite function to mental health, there are high coherence among the subsystems.The fourth part is the general discussion. It concerns on the methods and the results. It explores the differential model, relational model and contractual model in the methods; the meaning of the family to the mental health as an ecological system so that it concludes the features of family ecological system.The fifth part is the general conclusion. It includes three aspects. One, the general conclusion. Based on it, exploring the innovation and the limitation of this research. The last, the assumption of the future research.