Study On The Local Power Operation From The View Of Everyday Politics

This research take the county as the research unit, and take the local political practice as research object and analysis beginning.The questions that this research needs to reply are: How does the everyday political practice develop? What kind of practical shape dose the local political power operation present? What is its operational mechanism? What characteristics the local political practice have we can see from its operation?As for the research method, this study attempt to have an interpretation of the everyday political activities and the political phenomena through the experiencing - understanding way in microscopic and everyday view. Therefore, this paper choose Huang county of Henan Province as the case of analysis object, and I have an mvestigation as assistant director of Huang committee office for a long time interval. As a staff of local government, I have participated in everyday political operation of Huang county. In the office, on the dinner table, in the street corner, and in the local cadre's home, I have experienced the everyday political life, and have much contacts and exchanges with many local cadres ,and have obtained a lot of very precious textual and orally data.The research frame is built according to the everyday political practice .The so-called everyday political practice refers to the concrete, dynamic, and diverse political activities, and also it means the operational process of the political life .In the everyday political practice, the specific setting, the key word or "the micro practice" are the approach of interpretation of the everyday political practice , this frame intends to seek the primary and locality words, and gives them academic interpretation , and entrust the academic significance on them so as to improve the explanary ability of the experience .The first chapter of the research is the actor in the localpolitical power operation-----"the cadre", the second chapter is local political power practice—"the leadership", the third chapter is the behavior pattern of the local culture and the operation mechanism—"Guanxi", the fourth chapter is the typical landscape of the local political power operation—"holding meetings".The first chapter "cadre" discusses the presenting of the everyday political practice and the growing of the everyday order, taken the occupational status attainment as the analysis object. This paper thinks that there are two kinds of power in the local political field, One is institutional power, the institution is the embodiment of the ration of the universality and procedure, and it entrusts the different position with the different power, it comes to the ideal order. One kind is the practical power, it presents when the local cadre pursues all kinds of capitals and transforming it to "the profits", and obtain a position in the local political space. There are many kinds of power forms in the local political space, these power forms mainly include the cultural capital, the political capital, the Guanxi capital, the system capital and so on. And the interaction of the cadre's capital pursuing constitutes an multi-dimensional structure, the different capital forms and its distribution constitute the the action structure and the everyday order in local politics field .The second chapter "the leadership" mainly analyzes the local authoritative type and the local power operation shape by the power practice of a municipal secretary of CPC. This paper argues that, the local leader is the mixed-type authority which has two implications: seen formally, it is the bureaucratic authoritative type, and analyzed from the operation angle, it is Patriarchal- chrisma authoritative type.The practice shape of the local power operation presents as party -chrisma domination. The party power has reconstructed the power relations of the local Party Committee, the local government, the local National People's Congress and the Political Consultative Conference , and the power space has been rebuilt through establishing "the leading group" or "the headquarters" as well as carring out each kind of activities by the municipal Party Committee which takes the secretary as the core.The growing and the operation of this kind of new power relations has broken the specialized differentiation of bureaucracy. Party -chrisma authority can concentrate the resources rapidly for the realization of surpassing modernization. to some degree it conforms to the characteristic of the sudden transforming society and the local cultural tradition, and has provided the order and the prosperity. but according to Weber's view, the shape of the party -chrisma authority has the structural instability the and the performance instability, and it faces the transformation in the future.The third chapter "guanxi" mainly analyzes the guanxi operation mechanism in the local bureaucratic operation. This paper believed that, guanxi is the constitutional principle of the local power operation, it manifests in the middle of the ways and strategies of the individual action. These ways and the strategies can be summarized as: the unofficial tie network construction, the action strategy of guanxi ration and the grow of guanxi anthority. The unofficial tie network is hidden under the official structure and has actual effect. The construction of the unofficial tie network constitute the end of the local political power operation. from the terminal of the power operation, we can see clearly that, how the power breaks through its institutionalization and the boundary and limits of the bureaucratic rules and regulations, and continuously expands itself, implants the organization and the institution. The power operates through the tie network, and constitutes silent, underground power mechanism. In the microscopic power operation mechanism, the tie network become the most powerful strategic tool, which result in the social ties comprehensively embedding and penetrating in the political structure, this not only directly affects the redistribution of the resources, but also lead to the reconstruction of power relations. The information, opportunity and other kind of resources reallogation through the tie network.The fourth chapter "holding meetings " mainly interpretes how the local political power operates through "holding meetings" . This paper analyzes the techniques and the characteristics which the local power operation contains through gazing at the meeting called 'standardizing inquiry order, optimizing development environment ' public processing meeting from microscopic perspective, Holding meetings is essential pitch point that the local power can operate. From longitudinal inspection, holding meetings is also the accountablly power line which the state power sinks down. This research called the local politics of taking holding meetings as the pivot to launch the local political power operation as "conference politics". Why "holding meetings" is the essential governmentality of local authority? The reasons are as follows: First, politics as a ritual which is the representation of Holding meetings. Second, movement politics. After the reform, local politics still has the characteristic of "the movement politics". Third, the paradox of the despotic power and the infrastructural power. this embodies the huge contrast of the goal and the technique of governance. The contrast makes the local political elites depending on ways of holding meetings which is political mobilization pattern.From the overall, this paper think that the practice shape of the local political power operation presents as party-chrisma domination, which means the party is transcendent above the bureaucracy, people's legitimate belief is to an organization - Huang county committee of CPC. Party-chrisma domination has some characteristics as follows: First, the party becomes the the origin of the legitimacy. Second, this kind of power shape persents as center-marginal structure. Third, substantive rationality. Fourth, the differentiation of structure and the nondifferentiation of function.In a more differentiated and more complex bureaucracy, chrisma authority is difficult to maintain long-standing , but the party-chrisma domination of Huang county actually demonstrates its stability, this means there being some kind of mechanism to support this kind of domination shape. These mechanisms are Guanxi operational mechanism, as well as "holding meetings " which is the representation of mobilization mechanism and the political symbol mechanism. As a non-words mechanism ,the guanxi operation mechanism does not challenge the breaucracy power, instead, it is a part of local political power reproduction. But holding meetings as the spatial mechanism and the symbolic mechanism of power operation, is the supplement of insufficiency of local government techniques, and the incapability of the infrastructural power.Holding meetings as a "public transcript" can be called "the onstage performance" of the local theater, then, the Guanxi operation is "the offstage behavior" of the local theater, they have reflected many kinds of faces and multi-dimensional structure of the everyday political practice.