On The Historical Types Of Government Trust Relationship

Overall academic research in government trust relationship remains scarce even though wide concerns have been given to human trust and government trust relationship in recent years. This dissertation takes historical types of government trust relationship as clue and makes a overall exploration to its form in different period and exposes the trend of it in the contemporary social transition with a goal of proposing a constructive project of a type of new government trust relationship. Historical types of government trust relationship is the basic frame of analysis, providing a method of properly analyzing the content and property of different government trust relationships in history, describing transitions from one type to another and providing a constructive project of government trust relationship in future.In contemporary times, we are in the transition from industrial society to post-industrial society, which can be apparently noticed in continual administrative reforms worldwide. All the countries are pursuing to construct a government suitable to post-industrialization. China is also encountered with the urgent task of constructing a new type of government in the tide of globalization even though it is in the transition of industrialization. In a sense, the proposal of construction of service government proves to open a historical process in conscious construction of new government, and its basic integration frame is government trust relationship. Therefore, in order to meet the need of constructing service government, research in government trust relationship itself is fundamental theoretical preparation and possible exploration. That is to say, proposal of constructing service government leads to urgent requirement of the research to the types of government trust relationship. This dissertation makes an exploration to government trust relationship in the frame of its historical types, a theoretical exploration in theoretical service of constructing service government.Historical types of government trust relationship is relevant to specific exploration to government trust relationship and of diachronically exploration to the evolution of political order and social order, of high importance to elaborate ethnical foundation of and new regulations for service government."Trust"is understood in the vision of structuralism in the dissertation. It refers to systemic relationship structure and general social communication practice, and presents in specific time and space mutual adjustment between those that take action and institutions, and the relatively stable characteristics of such adjustment. Trust functions as the foundation and the result of social production and reproduction, and the media of the reproduction of the whole social system. Trust, as a structure should be investigated in different social types and in different social praxis under different time and space. And government trusts relationship, as an important part of social systemic integrity, is relevant to various regulations and resources when in function. Government trust relationship is the outcome of consolidation of relations in which various norms and resources are endowed with institutional properties, and proves to be the condition in which these properties is historically produced. The horizon composition, historical gathering and practical integrity of different formula and resources, constitute a framework that government trust relationship could take shape, i.e. the structural characteristics of it. Different types of government trust relationship present different structural characteristics. It has two meanings: government trust relationship is an action system in human communication, and also a functional social frame embedded in social system and social system; it presents the situation of mutual expectations and identification in human communications through different dimensions of social system. On such a foundation, social trust relationship and government relationship are established with a certain kind of mutual adjustability synchronically and diachronically, and the essential goal of the research on different types of government trust relationship is to propose a new project of constructing trust.In the early period of human society (social governance), social trust took its shape in familiarity, was deployed the dimension of common life and subjected to the norms of conventions and to the satisfaction of conventions. Therefore it was intuitive and sensuous, and thus can be called conventional trust relationship. In the social form of agriculture in which realms were integrated, trust in social life was guided by personality, behavior conventions and religion culture overwhelmed with traditions, and was constrained by awful authority, and because of these institutive factors spread into social system that was characterized by integrity of family and nation, and therefore there was conventional government trust relationship. Since modern time, industrial society has produced another kind of trust, i.e. contractual government trust relationship through its pursuit of ideal law order and legitimacy, with all aspects of the society overwhelmed by the conception of laws that became a general social trust relationship. In social transition of developed countries and in the double social transition of post-developed countries, we are encountered with social separations and uni-dimension trend of social life, and a new regulation-resource system relevant to social system should be reconstituted and a new government trust relationship, i. e. cooperative government trust relationship should be expected, a theoretical proposal as a result of focus investigation of social changes world wide. Cooperative government trust relationship proves to be a starting point from which future, and the ethnical essentials it contains represent a return to an ethnical society.Conventional government trust relationship existed in an integrated agricultural society or so called the etiquette and custom society, and had a strong empirical color. It relies on a general trust of political power political system, and was established by the expansion of the human trust relation to that between individual and system. The structural character of conventional government trust relationship is founded on natural economy and provides support to subordinate estate relationship. Conventional government trusts relationship took its shape spontaneously and steadily. However, when it functioned as a system of integrating government process, it established and strengthened subjects'unilateral and subordinate submission to their king. In the evolution of conventional government trust relationship, the integer homogeneity of carriers of trust relationship developed gradually to heterogeneity and coercion, alienated to humanity in a degree.Apparently, conventional government trust relationship manifested itself differently in ancient China and western countries, with the kind in China as its characteristic form, while the kind in western countries falling into non-characteristic form. In the ancient agricultural society,"li"system stands as ethnical-psychological model and a series of regulations, constituting the fundamental content of conventional government trust relationship as its origin and essence, while Confucianism and relevant ceremonies function as inner constraint and outer guiding system. However, conventional government trust relationship existed in a weak state in Europe in the medieval time, lasted in a relatively short time, and failed to develop to the characteristic form as that in China, just as agriculture in Europe was not the characteristic form of agriculture. European society began its step to industrialization and urbanization in the 14th century, and contact began to develop rapidly as a new social composing factor, and conception of rights and duties have come into human's idea. As far as trust relationship is concerned, contractual relationship has developed gradually to its shape and contractual government relationship has finally been established with the coming of industrial society and persistence of the Enlightenment.The collapse of acquaintance society and rise of stranger society are accompanied with the forming of market economy and shaping of nationalism (or dictatorship). In a sense, contract proves to be middle institute design of trust relationship between public and government with laws as its form and spirit of contract as its essence, and government and the whole social governance system strengthen consciously conception of contract and contractual order. All these constitute the establishment of contractual government trust relationship from skepticism to contractualism in the ideological design of social institutions and governing order and. It is an objective psychological guarantee system in view of psychology, is a result of utilitarian calculations, and an institutionally and structurally operative system in view of managerial science. The establishment of contractual trust relationship from conventional trust relationship turns out to be one aspect of human progress, with contractual government trust relationship providing guarantee to the realization of exchange justice. However, it ban be ascertained through theoretical analysis that contractual government trust relationship is somehow a kind of objectivated and formal trust, and the objectivation abstracts all the essential content of trust and renders it a kind of calculative trust relationship with mean rationality as its character and mutual benefit as its premise. Therefore, it is a historical challenge to transcend contractual government trust relationship and establish a new kind of government trust relationship in post-industrialization.The proposal of moral being and holistic analysis of human being can be considered as preparing a new foundation for the construction of a new series of regulation that our new life world, communicative model and relationship need, and also a starting point from which a new form of social governing design and a new government trust relationship is proposed and established. The exploration of"anticipation and reflection"method to social governance indicates that to transcend contractual government trust relationship is a process in which new social governance model replaces managerial social governance model and moral existence of human beings manifests itself that has suffocated by social institutions designed according to formal rationality. The construction of new government trust relationship that will prove to be cooperative government trust relationship and of new social governance is the same process. Because of the introduction of ethnical relation, cooperative government trust relationship is on one hand the persistence of authority order and laws order, and on other hand presence of new ethnical spirit with service and cooperation as its essential content, and also an appealing to an ethnical society with social cooperation and social autonomy.Cooperative government trust relationship is deeply rooted in the urgent need of post-industrialization, and conscious construction of the relationship has developed to a historical movement of reality urgent importance in reality. It has been witnessed that more and more new social factors in the social changes and social progresses since the later time of 20th century provide support to the construction of cooperative government trust relationship. For example, it is necessary and possible to consciously construct the relationship in the global movement breaking the center and margin structure in the world, in the development of non-governmental organizations and their active and constructive participation into social governance. China is in the double transition of industrialization and post-industrialization and there various irregular relationships functioning that result in frequent invalidation in social integration and regulation, and in latent legitimacy in the performance of public authority. Therefore, it is of particular urgency and high importance for China to consciously construct cooperative government trust relationship. Nowadays, constructing service government constitutes a historical chance and constraining government functions to macro-guide constitutes the premise of it.