The Chinese Communist Party Ideology Study

The ideology is not only the basis of the development of party, but also the important sources of party's legitimacy. However, the realization of the functions of ideology to party is depended on two factors: one is whether the ideology is advanced or not; the other is whether the party's attitude to ideoloy is scientific or not. And the latter is just the party's outlook of ideology. Although the ideologies are the same, the behaviors of parties will be contracted with each other duing to different outlooks of ideology. Scientific outlook of ideology can bring about enough people's approvement to party. On the contrary, unscientific one will make party lose power, even disappears in the history, for it couldn't get enough approvement from people. In the course of political modernizaiton, all parties in the world confront the problem of outlook of ideology. The fact is, however, the outlook of ideology is neglected by some people. Considering the importance of outlook of ideology and the inadequacy in studying it, the dissertation is mainly on the relationship between the party's outlook of ideology and party's development, in order to find out some regularities about them. And it hopes this can provide some lessons to the CPC. The methods of the dissertation include materialism, comparing, the combination of history and anlysis, synthesize, and so on. In the process of studying, the dissertation wants to get some achievement in studying subjective, concept, points of view.The First Chapter: the fundermental theory about party's outlook of ideology studying. It mainly define some concepts of this paper, including ideology, party's ideology, and the the party's outlook of ideology. The party's outlook of ideology is defined as party's attitude and viewpoints to/on ideology. It is embodied by party's attitude to ideology's position, ideology's functions, the relationship between ideology and parctice, and the relationship between ideology and people's benefits. Different parties have different outlooks of ideology, and different stages of party development have different outlooks of ideology, too. But in general, the outlook of party ideology is influenced by these factors as follow: party's position in a country, party's ideology, the situation of party itself, and the historical culture of the counrty which party is in.The Second Chapter: the reseach on foreign parties'outlook of ideology. According to the attitude to ideology's position, foreign parties can be divided into two types: one pays little attention to ideology, the other thinks of ideology as tools to develop and govern. Foreign parties have different viewpoints about how to choose the tool-rationality and value-rationality of ideology, too. Some of them pay more attention on the former, and some pay more attention on the latter. On how to treat the relationship between ideology and practice, some of parties think the ideology should develop with the practice, and some others refuse to adjust the ideology according to practice because it had positive effcets on practice. Concerning the attitude to the relationship between ideology and people's benefits, foreign parties also have diffences with each other. Part of them think ideology should reflect and protect majority's benefits, so they emphasize the sociality of ideology. However, some of them think ideology's differentiating-function is very important, therefore, they stress the class nature of ideology excessively. Affected by different outlooks of ideology, the development of foreign parties presented two obvious trends: on one hand, many parties accomplished the transformation from party out of power to party in power; on the other hand, many parties lost the power, even disappeared in the history. As an usual phenomenon in the period of party politics, the lessons of foreign parties on ideology could, and should provide help to the CPC. However, the CPC's outlook of ideology has its own characteristics.The Third Chapter: the CPC's outlook of iedeology which vacillates now to the"Left", now to the Right. The victory of Russian revolutionary proved correct of Marxism. Meanwhile, it gave an mode to communist party to launch proletarian revolutionary all over the world, including the CPC. At first, the theory's basis of the CPC is weak. The foundation of the CPC got much help from Soviet communist party. Most of leaders of the CPC had ever studied in Soviet Union, so they were influenced by Leninism and Russian revolutionary deeply. The characteristic of the CPC's outlook of ideology in this period is vacillates now to the"Left", now to the Right. Affected by the outlook, the CPC accepted Marxism and Leninism, defined them as party's guiding thought. The CPC even treated them doctorinally and rigidly. This attitude brought about Right and"Left"opportunism several times. The CPC was also hit heavily.The Fourth Chapter: the CPC's outlook of ideology which is seeking-truth-from-facts. Then, Zunyi conference ended the governence of"Left"-leaning. And it showed the ruling of Mao Zedong group was beginning. In the period of the War of Resistance Against Japan and Revolutioary War, the CPC followed the the guide of the seeking truth from facts thought route. In this period, the CPC underlined the combination of theory and practice, dealed with the transfer of national contradition and class contradiction correctly, adjusted the politcal route according to people's benefits. All of these reflected the CPC's seeking-truth-from-facts outlook of ideology vividly and incisively. Under the guidance of this attitude, the Mao Zedong Thought was formed, China's revolutionary got victory, and the CPC became the party in power.The Fifth Chapter: the CPC's outlook of ideology which is modest and prudent. After the People's Repulic of China was founded, the CPC who just got the power confronted countless problems, such as: the collapse of national economy, the destroy of reactionary forces, and the exclusion and isolation policy of capitalism group which is leaded by the U.S.A.. Facing the severe situation, the CPC begun to explore how to administer the country. In the course of national economy recovery and development, the Soviet Union gave hand to China. The two countries has deep historical origins. So, the CPC absorded and drawed lessons from Soviet Union mode in constructing socialism, and drawed up correct guideline and route which is line in different periods. The characteristic of the CPC's outlook of ideology in this period is modest and prudent. This attitude to ideology made the new country finished the transition period successfully. The socialism was eastablished eventually in China. And the construction of socialism got great achivements. All of these showed that the attitude to the ideology of the CPC was modeset and cautiously.The Sixth Chapter: the CPC's outlook of ideology which goes to the extreme of"Left". However, the attitude didn't last in the period of socialism construction. Since the CPC made a wrong evaluation on the situation of domestic and overseas, the interference of revolutionary ideology, and the CPC made a wrong judgement on social structure, the CPC's outlook of ideology begun to go to"Left"from the summer of 1957. Eventually, it went to the extreme. In the period, bringing forth new ideas to Maxism and Leninism went to a forked road, the Mao Zedong Thought became rigid, party's political route betrayed the needs of people and devaited from paractice. The characteristic of the CPC's outlook of ideology in this period is extremely"Left". This kind of attitude to ideology lasted for twenty years. In these years, the CPC had stood a severe test, and the social development was nearly at a standstill.The Seven Chapter: the CPC's outlook of ideology which is in line with practice. The development of the CPC entered a key stage. The party who underwent twenty years"Left"mistake brought the guideline"class struggle is the center"to end. At the same time, the CPC resumed the thought route----emancipating the thought and seeking the truth from facts, which opened the gate to a new stage of socialism construction. In the new stage, the CPC heired and developed party's thought route----emancipating the thought and seeking the truth from facts, drawed up party's basic line in the primary stage of socialism, brought forth new ideas to Maxism and Leninism on the basis of practise, making the theory system take shape which is of chinese characteristics. The characteristic of the CPC's outlook of ideology in this period is in line with practice. Thanks for these, when some parties lost power in the world, or even disappeared in the history, the CPC is still in power and the socialism is developing smoothly and quickly. The practice proves the CPC's realistic attitude toward ideology is of great glamour.Conclusion: We can get a conclusion from all of these analysis, that is, if party's attitude to ideology is scientific and realistic, the functions of ideology can bring into play well, the party and the causes leaded by party will develop smoothly; on the contrary, if the party's attitude to ideology is rigid and stubbornly biased, taking ideology for celestial being and taking itself as slave, the ideology will be out of shape, party and party's undertaking will suffer from disaster. Therefore, to a mature party, both advance ideology and scientific outlook of ideology are all important. Do this, the functions of ideology----associating party and people, propeling the development of society, and consolidating the party's position in power----will be realized. This is proved by foreign parties, too. The dissertation holds that the characteristics of scientific outlook of ideology are these: it thinks ideology is value objective, but the objective should be consistent with reality; it thinks the ideology is a tool, but the standard judging it is whether it can bring all the party members and people together; it thinks the ideology is behavior norms, but it should not be rigid; and it thinks the ideology is banner, but it should contain majortiy's benefits.