Study On Economic Structures And Administrative Models Of CBD

Since American renowned urban sociologist E.W.Burgess first put forward the concept of the CBD in 1923 , the theory research and the practice exploration has been through 80 years, mainly concentrating in the characteristics, connotation, spatial shape, evolution pattern and so on.In 1980s the concept of CBD was spread to China, rapidly becoming an idea for urban development, and raising an upsurge of the CBD construction one after another city all over China, therefore the CBD' s location, its land use change, the inside and outside system drives, which involves the issues such as planning, construction and spatial layout, have become the national hot topic within all relevant academic areas.It is well known, in abroad, the CBD formation is a process which is the result of the market economic and the moderate interfere by government; thus, most oversea scholars pay their attention to the fields like the evolution and the mechanism of CBD,etc.But in China, it is very common that the main drive force in CBD development, as well as in other urban development aspects, such as urban landscape planning, urban industrial planning, all come from the different levels of governments, which means that each CBD has to be designed as a product in advance, and then press on the effective and powerful government behaviors and strategies, which produce some so called Prestige Projects and Administrative Achievement Project.Therefore while carries on the full understanding to the CBD economic structure, it is very urgent to deeply explore the reasonable limits, the standard and the localization of government's function, as long as the patterns of governance, which embody the typical characteristic on CBD and its practical and theoretical significance in current China.This paper is based on the researcher's long lasting working experiences and his recent spot investigation in overseas famous case cities. With the deeply theoretical thinking and summarizing the related theories of CBD construction and development at home and abroad, conclude its characteristics, function and spatial patterns.Through the case study of global cities and its CBD's function, evolution, and the development strategies, with emphasis on analyzing the CBD's economic structure and its mechanism force, redefining the governance patterns, and proposes the Chinese CBD development challenge and the strategies.In empirical level, after unifying the present development situation of international finance center in Lujiazui area in Shanghai, analyzing its advantages and disadvantages, from a superior and inferiority level, the paper also proposes the leap frog process as a development pattern for Lujiazui International Finance Center, defines the diverse functions among the government, the enterprise and other sectors, then proposes specifically the development strategies.The full paper is divided into two major parts, the theoretical and empirical study, containing eight chapters totally:The first Chapter is the introduction of the research background and its significance, content, methods, it also introduces the relevant theoretical research on CBD;Chapter II is about the summary of the development and at home and abroad, analyzing the general stage of CBD evolution, present situation;Chapter III is about the six CBD characteristic, five major functions and different spatial pattern and structureChapter IV is the general characteristics of the CBD's economic structure, and its interior and exterior related elements which compose its dynamic mechanism, such as the accumulation factor, the repelling force and the suburbanization drive, and then the paper proposes three different mechanism which diverse from basic, strong and functional aspects.Chapter V analyses the CBD leading industry, mainly analyzing from four aspects, such as the finance, advanced producer's services, commerce, convention tourism and so on;The Sixth chapter is about the CBD governance model, taking cases study on New York, London, Tokyo, and Singapore city, mining the experiences of CBD development in the above cities, and introducing an important metropolis renewal strategy—BID- Business Improvement District.The Seventh and Eighth chapters are about the economic structure and government management pattern in Lujiazui CBD of Shanghai, reviewing the background and present CBD development situation in Lujiazui as the CBD in Shanghai as well as whole China, analyzing its current characteristic, the problems, and the elements which restricts the development, and based on above research, propose the helpful countermeasures and suggestions to optimize Shanghai Lujiazui CBD Governance.The paper specifically contributes as below:Redefine the concept of CBD. However the CBD performance relies on the city economic growth and spatial highlight, the CBD essence is the highly accumulation of some special economical essential factors. This article probes the CBD interior economic structure, as well as its connotation, the proportion and the function, divide the essential factors which affects the CBD economy development into the content essential level and the environment essential level, thus could be most helpful countermeasures for local development.Among them, the content essential factor referring to the economical essential elements like talents, material, information, capital, technology, etc; that is requested to be accumulated through CBD development. But the environment essential factor refers to transaction platform (like hardware) and the transaction environmental condition (like software) which is necessary for CBD to realize the highly effective scale transaction.Based numbers detail data and information, the chapter concludes the different characteristic and its governance model in the CBD of the famous global cities. The paper also outlines some helpful experiences, for example, the local initiate action and the marketing operation pattern in New York; the partnership between local government and business pattern in London; systematic and administrative control pattern in Tokyo; public and private cooperation along with the government control pattern in Singapore. At the same time, introducing the concept of BID, which provides the fundamental idea for the CBD development and management n Shanghai;The researcher proposes that the different scale and rank of CBD can be developed in different cities all over China. Surely, CBD could be an important development strategy in Chinese city, but the key issue is to pay attention on the industrial as well as the prioritize industry while guiding the spatial development pattern, the management orientation and the combination of all sectors efforts. CBD development strategy defers in different cities.As a national strategy, the CBDs in Beijing, Shanghai, and Hong Kong play different roles, which require China not only make best efforts on finish the physical construction task in above three cities, but also run them in a core circle, like a functional network by the middle of this century. And finally make the circle become one of the extremely important growth poles among the world CBD network in the 21st century.This paper specially stresses that, the CBD development must comply with the market economy, especially the trend of globalization, like the sayings "along it prosperous, goes against perishes" and indicates theoretically the direction to development CBD in each city all over China.Propose leap frog development model as "the self-control mechanism that taking the New York pattern as the frame, taking the Singapore pattern as the reference and simultaneously integrating the Business Improvement District" in Shanghai Lujiazui international finance center, which also could be detailed as taking the government initiation and the standard guidance as the outset motive, the enterprise vitality and the market running as sustainable drive, the partnership between the public and private and the self-control mechanism as the safeguard support,Thus, the government initial motive defines clearly the industrial development trend in CBD. Meanwhile, based on the shareholder system, we have to accumulate its industrial growth energy, and finally realize the regional industrial integrated development.The author also firstly proposed "the eastward expansion development strategy for the Lujiazui CBD in Shanghai" in 2006. Based on this strategy, practically, Lujiazui CBD fulfill its expansion east and southward with 20 years with the combinative efforts of each part, the government which makes the development guidance, the market as the main involved sector. Therefore, this paper put forwards a strategy for the Lujiazui CBD development through defining its scale, landscape, and the development stages.