Preventing And Preparing Mechanism Of Public Crisis Management In Transitional China

In the 21 st century, the greatest enemy human being faced is a variety of hazards and unexpected public crisis, which not only puts forward a serious challenge to management system of all governments, but is related to social stability and the survival of the state power. Governments are keen to cultivate a sense of crisis, establish and improve organization system and operation mechanism of crisis management. Because public crisis is everywhere, which may be from natural disasters and environmental degradation, terrorism, economic and political crisis, as well as the fields of accident, mankind must be vigilant, accelerate research and establish a mechanism to deal with various crises and measures to take precautions to ensure human's survival and development healthily and safely in the new century.In the period of social transformation, public crises have occurred frequently in Chinese society, especially the atypical pneumonia in 2003 and 2008 earthquake of Wenchuan, which shows lively: it is the fundamental guarantee to deal with a crisis quickly and efficiently to move the management goal of crisis from emergencies to the potential crisis, management focus from emergency response to the precaution of potential crisis and preparation of resources. This is a major subject with both theoretical value and practice guidance to the rapidly developing transforming countries.In this paper, with Marxist theory as a guide and principles of a combination of theory and practice the study adopts empirical analysis and literature study to analyze China's success or failure of crisis management practices comprehensively; uses the method of comparative analysis to study strengths and weaknesses of the emergency public crisis management and preventive-oriented crisis management, and explore how to build a long-term prevention and preparation mechanism of crisis management.The paper is divided into six chapters, consisting of an introduction and five chapters:Chapter I introduction puts forward the theoretical value and practical significance of studying the management of preventing and preparing public crisis from present studies at home and abroad on the public crisis management, and on the basis of concluding researches of many scholars, and raises the basic proposition that in public crisis management, social transformation and public crisis management with mutual influence are in the dynamic process. Based on this, by analyzing the theory of social transformation and theory of social risk management, three assumptions are raised: social transformation public has greatly increased the potential risks of crisis; emergency type of public crisis management system can not resolve the crisis more effectively prior to the issue of social risk; preventing and preparing public crisis management system can make up for the emergency disposal of the public crisis management, more effectively prevent the occurrence of the crisis, once the preventions fail, its adequate preparation can reduce the damage to society. And the overall framework of this article is outlined according to the above assumptions.Chapter II the basic theory of preventing and preparing public crisis management, on summing up a large number of public awareness of public crisis and crisis management in the past and combining awareness and understanding of public crisis management in this article, the whole process of crisis management is divided into four stages in accordance with the chronological order, namely the prevention and preparation stage, forecast the warning stage, emergency stage, and restoration and reconstruction stage. According to different objects and environment in different stages, the author illustrates in detail the different management focus in order to display the core status and significance of prevention and preparation stage in the whole process of public crisis management. And from the philosophy, theory of reinventing government and the ancient Chinese theory of harmony between man and nature, the author analyzes the reasonability and scientific state of preventing and preparing public crisis management. In this understanding, the author divides public crisis management into emergency type and the preventing and preparing type, and analysis comparatively such of their characters as different forward-looking, problem, risk and performance to predict that preventing and preparing public crisis management must include the detail content of prediction, forecast, prevention, preparation, and rehearsal. This is the theoretical basis for this article, in the discourse of this article the author sought to highlight the basic concepts and assumptions.Chapter III, the analysis of the advantages of preventing and preparing public crisis management, analyzes the advantages of preventing and preparing public crisis management specifically from the angles of culture, system, mechanism, and management. First of all, it is beneficial to cultivating a culture of prevention, fostering the thought of prevention, advocating for the safety culture, and strengthening risk awareness; secondly, it is beneficial to reducing the government's system coordination costs, and improving the efficiency of resource utilization; thirdly, it can help enhance the administrative management system, weaken the departments interests, improve the unified emergency command coordination, and improve the professional level of crisis management; fourthly it is beneficial to the promoting the norm of public crisis management, raising the controllability of crisis risk, improving the effectiveness of the government emergency management, lessening the harm after crisis, and reducing the occurrence of secondary disasters. This is the expected analysis on the construction of preventing and preparing public crisis management.Chapter IV, preventing and preparing public crisis management can make up for the difficulties faced by the management. From angles of culture, system, mechanism, and management, the author argues that preventing and preparing public crisis management not only is the inevitable choice for social development, but also makes up for such real difficulties faced by public crisis management as the key role is downplayed as a result of too much emphasis on emergency prevention, regulations chaos is caused by decentralized management, the proficiency is low as a result of the command of provisional organization, as well as performance of crisis management is affected by the lack of emergency resources. In this paper, this is the practical analysis of the concept "preventing and preparing public crisis management"."Chapter V, the influence of social transformation on preventing and preparing public crisis management, analyzes transforming society from two perspectives, first the author is from the awareness of basic laws of the influence of social development on public crisis management: the content of the public crisis management is influenced and constrained by social development, and the basic characteristics of different social development period determine the basic form of the structure and main content of public crisis management. The author analyzes such basic social characteristics in the period of social transformation as the increase of uncertainties, the prominence of social conflicts, the imbalance between economic development, the imperfection of market institutions, inadequate laws and regulations, and imbalance of cultural development, as well as the deeper impact of globalization. Second, according to theory of social risk, the author analyzes some increasing social risks such as the disaster risk, the risk of modernization, the system risks, the risk of globalization, the risk of market economy, the risk of social stratification. Based on the awareness of the increase of social imbalance and social risk, the author analyzes some basic laws of public crisis management: the ideal state of social transformation to preventing and preparing public crisis management is to prevent the crisis; the value selection of public crisis management is people-oriented; the aim of public crisis management is long-term stability public; the core elements of public crisis management is prevention and preparation. Also the necessity of the construction of crisis management mechanisms is argued from the needs of public crisis characteristics, and the inevitable choice of the long-term mechanism of crisis management. In this paper, this is theoretical thinking of the concept of "preventing and preparing public crisis management".Chapter VI, the path selection of perfecting preventing and preparing public crisis management mechanism, puts forward four policy recommendations to achieve the long-term management objectives of preventing and preparing public crisis management, that is focusing on the constitutional basis, the basic content as well as the controlling role of Emergency Law on public crisis management; introducing the thinking of the central decision-making agency "National Security Council" and state entity institutions "Emergency Department"; analyzing the normal management functions of "Emergency Department" to public crisis management; mainly exploring the budget, funding sources, and use of "social development risk fund" in accordance with its budget, as well as its guarantee function to government crisis management; mainly analyzing the source material, logistics planning, as well as the role of resource allocation of "emergency preparation treasury" based on the building emergency supplies. In this paper, this is the focus and innovation, and especially the construction of institutions and ready fund of public crisis management is the profound long-term thinking of public crisis management mechanism.