Community Politics And National Political Interaction Between Research,

The strategic space of Chinese political development is community politics and the interaction between it and state politics is the very research perspective in this thesis. Based on the former results of community analysis, the concept and connotation of community politics is put forward while the profound analysis of interaction relationship between community politics and state politics has been made.This thesis is composed of three sections, which are introduction, text and conclusion.The vital perspective to comprehend social transitional track and explain political operation regulation, which the introduction section focus on, is research urban community politics and its interaction with state politics, disclose its formation mechanism and action logic, analyze the basic elements and institutional inducement which expand inner community field to public issue area, and prove the public political value it shows. In this section we also form the interpretation model of community theory, and then combing the research results achieved by domestic scholars on that basis.The text is constituted by seven chapters. From a historical dimension, the first chapter, unit society under nationalism system and its "politics within community", investigate the unit society of urban grass-roots in the traditional socialist system. The main propose is to study the profound background of the rising of Chinese urban community politics since 1990s, analyze the historic structural changes of Chinese society from both dynamic and static perspective, explain the characteristics of "unified state structure", then research the internal connection between "unified state structure" and planned economy, furthermore, we anatomize the micro-foundation of "unified state structure", research "unit" and "unit system", as well as the decline of traditional housing block and the administrative tendency of residents committee, and their association with "unified state structure". The final conclusion is that "unified state structure" is an inherent requirement for planned economy and phagocytosis of market and community, which means, the power to control and configure vast majority of social resources is under the charge of state, through complete intervention and control to community life the state constitute overall social institution. Under such a regulation system, what unit society appears to be is not "community politics", but "politics within community". In the second chapter, rising of community during the systematical reform, we review the evolution path of system reform at urban basic level since reforming and opening-up in 1978, research "administration-enterprises discerption", cause of state-market differentiation and its realizing process. According to this study, society is a summation of interaction and mutual influence relationships which contains three subsystems: state, market and community. Then, this chapter analyzes the difference and connection among these subsystems from variety aspects, such as functional; the weakening of unit system and promotion of urban community social function which formed in the procedure; and, moreover, the direct cause about rising of community politics in the late 1990s. Based on that all, further explore of function and vicissitude of urban community has been made in this chapter. The meaning and structure of community should be defined as fellow: community politics is a procedure aim at establish political order in urban basic level and promote communal political democracy, which adopt by community members or organizations joined by mutual exchange and intercourse in certain region, furthermore, it based on interest relation, driven by community participation, take community public power operation as core discourse, and guaranteed by rule of law. At last, this chapter probes the difference and connections between community politics and state politics.The starting point in the third chapter, interest game and resources allocation of community politics, is interest analyze within communal field which is also the logic starting point of community politics. High degree state-society integration increasingly squeezes the formation space for communal public interest while diversification of interest subjects in urban community is ever-growing, therefore, they solve communal public issues by cooperative interaction. In terms of should-be level, there are four major interest subjects of community politics whose coexistence contain both self-interest demands and large number of contradictions: government, residents, community organization and stationary unit in community. The more interest differentiation is expanding, the more equilibrium point of public interest is needed. The process to maximize communal public interest should emphasize the positive cooperation between state and community because of their consistency and contradiction. Owing to the community interest integration tension caused by non-equilibrium in interest game, the reintegration by communal mobilization, organization and participation of social crowds, who have different interests, come from different walks of life and play different roles, is essential for constitute self-conscious identity of community public interest and "community identity" with a sense of belonging in the goal-reaching operation field for all the interest subjects. Market economy operation also impacts Chinese traditional urban totality society and furthermore changes the path as well as results of social resources distribution. One of the crucial ways to satisfy requirement of urban communal interest is to integrate community resources, which means conformity of related social resources both internal and external the community in order to maximum satisfy the demand of community-especially the demand of public service-that will eventually lay foundation stone to satisfy the diversity material and cultural life demands of the communal residents. However, that calls for marketization and contractualization dimensional improving of communal resources allocation mechanism, which can promote the resources integration mechanism mainly focuses on sharing the communal recourses.The issue that is emphasized in the fourth and fifth chapters, very key problem of community politics, concerns the organization and power model. At the starting point of the fourth chapter, organization structure of community politics: a multi-participation governance field, analysis deployed by the study of community organization, which is the integral part of whole society, the carrier of community political process, and the vital subject of community governance. Several organization models have been formed during the practice of Chinese community politics, which can be illustrated as government-leading type (Shanghai model), cooperative type (Jianghan model), and self-organized type (Shengyang model). All that three models share some common defects, for example, the governmental compulsory character of institutional change, unclear power-responsibility division, and very limited communal identity. What the community organization structure mainly concerned with are location of community organization and its relationship with state government. The advisable community organization structure should base on function coupling of all participators and their multi-participation, which combine mutual cooperation and mutual constraint at the same time, owing to the contradiction between multiple demand structure and limited supply capacity of single subject. The community organization should play multiple roles such as mobilization of resources, community servant, intermediary and coordinator. Following with the multiple organizations participate in the community governance, the governing pattern is transforming from control to negotiation, so that adjustment of present organization is essential. During the interaction between different communal organizations, all the actors adjust their actions according to the others and constitute inter-organization relationship of contemporary urban community. What the fifth chapter, center system of community politics: community power, its allocation and operation, explores is the origin and character of urban community political power, relationship between communal autonomy right and state political power, and community power's allocation and operation. The core of community politics is power, which operates by certain organization and regulates by sets of norms. This chapter manages to solve a question, how can we brought urban community autonomy into state constitutional system while keep its autonomy, through define the character, action range, operational pattern and structure form of community public power. That is, how the legitimacy and democracy issue about community public power's formation and operation mechanism adjust themselves to fit in urban society transformation and future developmental demands.The topic researched in the sixth chapter, community participation: structural motivation of community politics, is community participation which can be seen as the inner motivation of community politics. The unit transformation and target model depend on the scale, validity and institutional level of community participation. If community participation becomes the most widespread practice of grass-roots democracy, it could be the structural motivation and a new growth point of social progress as well as political development Typological study of interaction between community participation and state politics in this chapter reveals that is a rigid interaction, which distinctly expressed by community election, "layman suing officials", residents participate hearing, ect. At the end of this chapter, we analyze the innovation and development space of community participation.The seventh chapter, reconstruction of community political order in process governed by law, is the logical end result of this thesis. The transformation of urban grass-root society certainly combines with reconstruction of community authority and order. From the view of state-community relationship, there are two kinds of order: 1.endogenous authority constituted by strength within community and the natural order formed by its integration; 2.regulatory authority imposed by state on community and the constitutive order formed by its integration. Certain interaction and tension between community endogenous order and state legal order has been shaped during a process: which begins with auto-growing within the permission of state governance, then tries to get (at least some extent) legitimacy by means of such state consents, and maximizes their social characterization. Such interaction and tension adjust new order of urban grass-root to community field, help to establish order or achieve function of governed by law, and also promote the construction of harmonious society.All the researches are summarized in the conclusion section, what we emphasize are the effect of community politics and its interaction with state politics, especially their profound meaning for Chinese political development.