A Study To The History Of American Community Corrections And Crime Control With Penalty

In my country, community corrections'pilot and propulsion are very important reform in the criminal justice field with having spanning century and milestone significance. This is product of learning and using for reference from America and other western country's penalty system at the certain level. Currently, The United States have the penalty controlling modal based on non-incarceration(community corrections), this modal reflected civilization and development, this is the result of knowledge gradually deepen to crime and penalty. Probing development history of American community corrections and crime control, we can find some characters and rules of non-incarceration penalty(community corrections) thought in the change of history development. The simple conclusion is that penalty severe level tends to soft, the method and measures of penalty tend to civilization, penalty's applicable range tends to enlarge, penalty's enforcement place tends to be community. Familiaring ourselves and other countries are emergent things for strength penalty system's reform and flawless and building harmony society.This dissertation cover about 400 year's history of America, from the community corrections and crime control's view, the history has been divided with five stages to study, in the final, combining with our country's history and current situation to make comparison, meantime, giving some suggestion for correct and consummate our country's penalty controlling modal's construction.The first part is crime control situation in colony time of America. At the time, there was no prison penalty, although some penalty methods were cruel and delay, but it is can fit the level of productivity of that time. At the time, mainly penalty methods had been used in community, and begin to produce the thought of reform criminals; The second part if the fourty years after American independent revolution, influenced by Europe enlighten movement, especially influenced by rationality movement, America made big reform to cruel punishment, put into practice with crime control modal based with incarceration penalty; The third part is the sprout and development time of community corrections(about one hundred years), influenced by criminology theories, community corrections under modern significance had been produced and developed; The fourth part is the mature time of community corrections, influenced by many factors such as theories, practices, and civil right movement, America had formed crime control modal based on non-incarceration penalty(community corrections); The fifth part is the tortuous development time, from 1980s to current time, although conservatism and harsh punishment tendency had a big influence to American criminal justice system, but the crime control modal centralized with community corrections have not been waved. At the final part, making a comparison between America and our country's history and situation, believing that we need to develop and perfect criminal policy and the theory of criminal responsibility, at the end, I made the suggestion that we should to the third road of crime control which is different with America and our current situation. The road is set up a crime ring modal of middle size which pay equal attention to custody and non-custody penalty.