The Political And The Plural Conceptions Of Good

If the delimitation of political domain is the theme of current controversy between communitarianism and liberalism, then, Rawls's "political liberalism" is fuse. While the controversy of two camps on "political field" is because they have different interpretations on the relationship between the political and morality, which is classic problem of political philosophy. Rawls attempt finding the independent political field, which relative to the field of religion, morality, society and economy, so that, on the based, he can arrangement the political life by purely political perspective In "Political Liberalism". Rawls's opinion about political life is unique, But there are some questions in modern pluralistic society, whether politics can be a non-moral, neutral situation,whether there are not any theme of Political philosophy in addition to political justice? The answer of these questions is related to what does Political Mean .Based on the above assumptions, we holding Marxism's epistemology as direction. This paper launches from the following three aspects: the first aspect, demonstrates the Rawls's opinion of political neutrality. The second aspect, analyses the difficulties and limitations of political neutrality. The third aspect is Rethinking the concept of the political.In order to carry out above-mentioned intention, the full paper is totally divided into four chapters: The first chapter is about the principles of political neutrality in Rawls's theory. Firstly, the text pointed out that there are many conceptions of the good which creates a serious challenge to the integration of modern society. So, the primary issue is how to achieve social integration, when we want to live together. Secondly, the text analysis the legitimacy of liberalism and the coping strategies of political liberalism, that is political neutrality. Finally, the text discusses the meaning of political neutrality of political liberalism, and pointed out that it is a defense rather than consequences of neutrality.Due to the goal of political liberalism is the political neutrality, the second chapter discusses the relationships between state, civil and political neutrality. It show that the state is an inherent good in political liberalism firstly, thus changed the instrumental understanding in traditional liberalism. But this is can only be effective within the political domain, so it is different to Communalism. Secondly, it shows that political neutrality requires a certain virtuous citizens. Political liberalism more attention to the citizen's political virtue compared to traditional liberalism, but it still exist a great difference compared to the classical period of society. Then, the third chapter is a critique of political neutrality, it includes two aspects. One is that political neutrality is impossible, which consists of three paths: The first is from the logic, it pointed out that political neutrality presupposes value pluralism and value subjectivism. More importantly, it presupposes the concept of universal moral person. These mean that political liberalism has a deep origin of the completeness of liberalism, not as he said that all political arrangements is beyond the metaphysical, and independent of completeness theory. Secondly, it pointed out that many political issues and political arrangements can not live without concepts of the good. Furthermore, it show the criticism about the concept of the political by Mouffe, he pointing out that the nature of the political is a process of conflict and compromise, so that it doesn't exist neutrality in political arrangements. Another one is that political neutrality should not be. Firstly, it points out the difficulties in the rigid division about the public and private areas, and the view of the negative state. In addition, it is not conducive to maintaining the legitimacy of the democratic system. Secondly, political neutrality advocates negative citizens, it separate civil from the political, so that it can not let people to lead a happy life. Then, the fourth chapter is rethinking the meaning of the political and the relationship between the political and morality, trying to defend the political perfectionism. So, this does not only loose the division between public domain and private domain, but also provide legitimacy as state interference in private life. Meanwhile, it is conducive to nurture civic virtue and achieve harmony between state and citizen. Firstly, in Rawls's opinion, political domain is a stable field which is excluded the conflict. But in Mouffe's view, the essence of the political is struggle and confrontation, so he ruled out the possibility of consensus, in particular the consensus are reached by deliberation. In my opinion, the political is neither absolute stability, nor radical. Secondly, we explore the relationship between the political and morality, and Pointed out Political life or political conduct unnecessarily exclude the good, Of course, these good must be shared by people, they set up a moral bottom line for political legitimacy. Aristotle's approach to grasp the common good can be learned. In his view, we can find out some goods are shared by person through self-reflection of human life and human potential. Of course, the understanding of the common good is wide-open. After analysis, the text believes that the values of equal respect and autonomy must be cherished by the human community, because, they are the conditions of people living together and the nature of man as man. Thirdly, the text hold that the political life adhere to the bottom of the common good ,the standpoint of citizens and by way of dialogue which is prepared, non-mandatory and instructive dialogue, because rational political dialogue is a property attribute of the political. We can find a partial coherence on the good of life through dialogue, which means that political arrangements must be for the purpose of it. We call it moderate political perfectionism. Furthermore, it is more legitimate when the political arrangements promote some conceptions of the good life through civil dialogue than no dialogue, Even though people have different points of view of the good life.Political philosophy or political can not just limited to political justice, the theme of the political must from political justice turned social harmony, Only then can we truly in-depth understand and build the good political life of the human in plural society.